5 research outputs found
Translating Radiology Reports into Plain Language using ChatGPT and GPT-4 with Prompt Learning: Promising Results, Limitations, and Potential
The large language model called ChatGPT has drawn extensively attention
because of its human-like expression and reasoning abilities. In this study, we
investigate the feasibility of using ChatGPT in experiments on using ChatGPT to
translate radiology reports into plain language for patients and healthcare
providers so that they are educated for improved healthcare. Radiology reports
from 62 low-dose chest CT lung cancer screening scans and 76 brain MRI
metastases screening scans were collected in the first half of February for
this study. According to the evaluation by radiologists, ChatGPT can
successfully translate radiology reports into plain language with an average
score of 4.27 in the five-point system with 0.08 places of information missing
and 0.07 places of misinformation. In terms of the suggestions provided by
ChatGPT, they are general relevant such as keeping following-up with doctors
and closely monitoring any symptoms, and for about 37% of 138 cases in total
ChatGPT offers specific suggestions based on findings in the report. ChatGPT
also presents some randomness in its responses with occasionally
over-simplified or neglected information, which can be mitigated using a more
detailed prompt. Furthermore, ChatGPT results are compared with a newly
released large model GPT-4, showing that GPT-4 can significantly improve the
quality of translated reports. Our results show that it is feasible to utilize
large language models in clinical education, and further efforts are needed to
address limitations and maximize their potential
Arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging demonstrates cerebral hyperperfusion in anti-NMDAR encephalitis
Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis is an increasingly recognized autoimmune disorder that results in substantial morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and even death. The diagnosis is often delayed or unrecognized entirely as a result of absent or only subtle initial magnetic resonance imaging findings and a nonspecific clinical syndrome. The discovery of early imaging findings in this disease may help clinicians to more aggressively treat this autoimmune encephalitis and to potentially lessen morbidity and mortality. We report a novel case of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis characterized by early evidence of increased cerebral perfusion on arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging, a finding that preceded laboratory diagnosis and conventional magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities. Further investigation is needed to firmly establish the pathologic basis of this finding
Increased corpus callosum volume in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is associated with neurocognitive deficits and genetic polymorphisms
Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with neurocognitive impairments. The neural substrates of cognitive impairments in 22q11DS remain poorly understood. Because the corpus callosum (CC) is found to be abnormal in a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, we obtained volumetric measurements of the CC and its subregions, examined the relationship between these regions and neurocognition and selected genotypes within candidate genes in the 22q11.2 interval in 59 children with 22q11DS and 53 control subjects. The total CC, splenium and genu were significantly larger in children with 22q11DS and the enlargement was associated with better neurocognitive functioning in the 22q11DS group, suggestive of a compensatory increase in the CC volumes. The expected age-related increase in the volume of the CC was not seen in children with 22q11DS, indicative of dysmaturation of the CC in these children. The increased volumes in the genu, splenium and total CC in the 22q11DS group were associated with polymorphisms within the candidate genes: COMT (rs4680), ZDHHC8 (rs175174) and UFD1L (rs5992403). These findings indicate that alterations in the CC volume in children with 22q11DS are associated with cognition and specific genotypes in the 22q11.2 interval