Output und Public Expenditure Implications of the Development of Organic Farming in Europe

Organic Farming is becoming a key issue in the context of the present EU agro-environmental policy lines. However, its specific impact on agricultural output and on public expenditure is still scarcely investigated. In this book, Raffaele Zanoli and Danilo Gambelli provide a detailed analysis of the consequences that organic farming has produced insofar on these aspects for EU countries and three European non-EU countries - NO, CH, CZ - drawing on the latest studies in this field. The emphasis throughout is on factual information and empirical data provision, making this book a valueable resource to understand the success, challenges and prospects of the policy support to organic farming in Europe. This book is aimed at policy makers, the private sector, researchers and students in the field of economics and politics of organic farming

Organic Viticulture in Europe

So far no official statistical data on the current status of organic viticulture in Europe exist. Even though most countries in the European Union, the EU accession countries and the EFTA countries collate data on their land under organic management, figures on land use patterns are not always available. The share of organic vineyards of all vineyards is still small. The percentage of organic vineyards is – with the exception of Greece, Italy, Spain - smaller than the percentage of organic land of all agricultural land in the respective countries. This is particularly striking for Austria and Switzerland where only little more than 1 % of the vineyards are organic whereas the total organic land is around eight per cent of all agricultural land. It is also interesting to look at the shares organic vineyards have within the organically managed land. The Mediterranean countries have, compared the northern wine growing areas, high shares of vineyards. This reflects the general cropping pattern but also the fact that most southern countries are exporters of organic products; the main products being typical Mediterranean products, one of which is wine. From the articles of the authors for these proceedings it may be concluded that organic viticulture is growing in all European countries

Communicating Ethical Arguments to Organic Consumers: A Study Across Five European Countries

Additional ethical claims were tested with mock organic egg labels in five EU countries. The attitudes towards the advertising labels were assessed by multiple copy testing measures. A total of 156 individual responses were analysed. The study confirms the difficulty of conducting advertising research in a multicultural framework, and shows that additional local/ regional claims can reinforce the appeal of organic products

Exploiting Qualitative Information for Decision Support in Scenario Analysis

The development of scenario analysis (SA) to assist decision makers and stakeholders has been growing over the last few years through mainly exploiting qualitative information provided by experts. In this study, we present SA based on the use of qualitative data for strategy planning. We discuss the potential of SA as a decision-support tool, and provide a structured approach for the interpretation of SA data, and an empirical validation of expert evaluations that can help to measure the consistency of the analysis. An application to a specific case study is provided, with reference to the European organic farming business

Consumer motivations in the purchase of organic food. A means-end approach

The paper presents partial results from an Italian study on consumer perception and knowledge of organic food and related behaviour. Uses the means-end chain model to link attributes of products to the needs of consumers. In order to provide insights into consumer motivation in purchasing organic products, 60 respondents were interviewed using ``hard’’ laddering approach to the measurement of means-end chains. The results (ladders) of these semi-qualitative interviews are coded, aggregated and presented in a set of hierarchical structured value maps. Even if organic products are perceived as difficult to find and expensive, most consumers judge them positively. All consumers associate organic products with health at different levels of abstraction and want good, tasty and nourishing products, because pleasure and wellbeing are their most important values. Results show that differences exist between groups of consumers with respect to their frequency of use (experience) of organic products and level of information (expertise). Reports and discusses results on consumer cognitive structures at different level of experience.Organic food, Consumer behaviour, Italy, Means-End Chain, Laddering

Consumption of Organic Foods from a Life History Perspective:An Explorative Study among Italian consumers

Taking into consideration individuals’ cognitive reasoning, and assuming that consumption of organic food has involved a change of mind about food experiences and food habits, we have identified the concepts, stories and theories mentioned by respondents in their discourses about organic food. Regular consumers trust organic products because they believe that they are healthier and tastier than any other product. A growing stock of information supports their food choice and confidence in organic food. Occasional consumers have strong beliefs about the better taste and the higher quality of organic food in general. Non organic users sometimes perceive organic food as a new fashion, the last fad. Organic food is still confused with close ‘substitutes’, such as ‘natural’, ‘macrobiotic’ and similar products. Many occasional consumers believe that regular consumers are somewhat obsessed with organic food and that they look and behave strangely. Organic products are generally perceived and experienced as expensive products, when compared to conventional alternatives. To organic consumer the rewards they perceive to gain from organic food is well beyond the resources (in terms of time and money) they employ to search for the higher quality of organic products. Institutional attempts to change consumer behaviour are commonly categorized into consumer information, consumer education and consumer advice (Peter et al., 1999).In order to increase both behavioural and attitudinal loyalty, the level of consumer information and product knowledge should be increased. Besides, consumers will become more committed if their beliefs regarding the intrinsic self-relevance of organic food will increase in the future

Organic Farming in Europe by 2010: Scenarios for the future

How will organic farming in Europe evolve by the year 2010? The answer provides a basis for the development of different policy options and for anticipating the future relative competitiveness of organic and conventional farming. The authors tackle the question using an innovative approach based on scenario analysis, offering the reader a range of scenarios that encompass the main possible evolutions of the organic farming sector. This book constitutes an innovative and reliable decision-supporting tool for policy makers, farmers and the private sector. Researchers and students operating in the field of agricultural economics will also benefit from the methodological approach adopted for the scenario analysis

Non compliance in organic certification: determinants for Italy

Organic certification is based on controls on operators, and verify if they are compliant with respect to organic regulations. Control procedures are a transaction cost that affect organic farming relative competiveness. Here we propose an analysis aiming at increasing the efficiency in the individuation of key risk factors in the organic certification process. The study refers to Italian organic farmers and represents an attempt to implement a risk based inspection scheme based on a statistical approach

Effectiveness of organic certification: a study on an italian organic certificator's data.

The aim of this paper is to implemnt risk-based models for the inspection procedures in the organic certification. particularly, the aim is to analyse the the relationship between the type of sanction a farm receives, and the farm's structure and productions, aiming at the definition of potential risk factors