Quantitative variations of CD4+CD25+ cells in Peking duckwhite leghorn chimeras based on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Purpose: To develop a chimera via microinjection of poultry xenogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), and to assess its immune tolerance based on variations in proportion of CD4+CD25+ cells in CD4+ cells (specific CD4+CD25+ cells).Methods: BMMSCs were flush out from femurs and tibias of Peking ducks with phosphate-buffered saline and cultured. Their morphology was determined with a microscope. Several surface markers (i.e., CD44, CD45, CD71, CD73 and CD34) were used to identify the cells.Results: The results indicate successful chimera development. CD4+CD25+ cells derived from the thymus of chimeras were migrated to the spleen and cecal tonsils. This migration was more obvious in chimeras than in the control group, suggesting a more robust immune system in the chimeras. The migration tendency gradually decreased with time. There were significant increases in specific CD4+CD25+ cells, TGF-β and IL-10 in cecal tonsils throughout the experimental period (30 days). However, in thymus and spleen, variations in specific CD4+CD25+ cells were observed only on the 1st day post-hatching.Conclusion: The results suggest a relatively pure BMMSC population without contaminating hematopoietic stem cells. Differentiation of the BMMSCs into osteoblasts and adipocytes was inducible, indicating typical MSC character.Keywords: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, Immune tolerance, Chimera, Specific CD4+CD25+ cells, Cell migratio

Comparison of the expression of cytokine genes in the bursal tissues of the chickens following challenge with infectious bursal disease viruses of varying virulence

BACKGROUND: Cytokines are important mediators and regulators of host responses against foreign antigen, with their main function to orchestrate the functional activities of the cells of the immune system. However little is known about the role of cytokines in pathogenesis and immune responses caused by infectious bursa disease virus (IBDV). The aim of this study was to examine the transcripts of cell-mediated immune response-related cytokine genes in the bursal tissues of chickens infected with IBDVs of varying virulence to gain an understanding of pathological changes and mechanisms of immunosuppression caused by IBDV infection and the immune responses evoked. RESULTS: Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of both Th1 [interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukins (IL)-2 and IL-12p40] and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-10) cytokines were significantly up-regulated following challenge with the H strain (vvIBDV) and up to 2- and 30-fold, respectively (P < 0.05). Following infection with the Ts strain (cell-adapted virus) these cytokine transcripts were up-regulated at 5 days post-infection (dpi), 2- and 13-fold respectively (P < 0.05), while the expression levels of IL-2 and IL-4 were not significantly different (P > 0.05). A higher degree of cytokine expression was induced by the H strain compared with the Ts strain. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the expression of cell-mediated immune-related cytokine genes is strongly induced by IBDV, especially by the vvIBDV, H strain and reveal that these cytokines could play a crucial role in driving cellular immune responses during the acute phase of IBDV infection, and the cellular immune responses caused by IBDV of varying virulence are through different signaling pathways

Resveratrol activation of SIRT1/MFN2 can improve mitochondria function, alleviating doxorubicin‐induced myocardial injury

Background Doxorubicin is a widely used cytotoxic chemotherapy agent for treating different malignancies. However, its use is associated with dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, causing irreversible myocardial damage and significantly reducing the patient's quality of life and survival. In this study, an animal model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy was used to investigate the pathogenesis of doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury. This study also investigated a possible treatment strategy for alleviating myocardial injury through resveratrol therapy in vitro. Methods Adult male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group and a doxorubicin group. Body weight, echocardiography, surface electrocardiogram, and myocardial histomorphology were measured. The mechanisms of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in H9c2 cell lines were explored by comparing three groups (phosphate-buffered saline, doxorubicin, and doxorubicin with resveratrol). Results Compared to the control group, the doxorubicin group showed a lower body weight and higher systolic arterial pressure, associated with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening, prolonged PR interval, and QT interval. These abnormalities were associated with vacuolation and increased disorder in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes, increased protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin and caspase 3, and reduced protein expression levels of Mitofusin2 (MFN2) and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1). Compared to the doxorubicin group, doxorubicin + resveratrol treatment reduced caspase 3 and manganese superoxide dismutase, and increased MFN2 and SIRT1 expression levels. Conclusion Doxorubicin toxicity leads to abnormal mitochondrial morphology and dysfunction in cardiomyocytes and induces apoptosis by interfering with mitochondrial fusion. Resveratrol ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by activating SIRT1/MFN2 to improve mitochondria function

Resveratrol activation of SIRT1/MFN2 can improve mitochondria function, alleviating doxorubicin‐induced myocardial injury

Background: Doxorubicin is a widely used cytotoxic chemotherapy agent for treating different malignancies. However, its use is associated with dose‐dependent cardiotoxicity, causing irreversible myocardial damage and significantly reducing the patient's quality of life and survival. In this study, an animal model of doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy was used to investigate the pathogenesis of doxorubicin‐induced myocardial injury. This study also investigated a possible treatment strategy for alleviating myocardial injury through resveratrol therapy in vitro. Methods: Adult male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group and a doxorubicin group. Body weight, echocardiography, surface electrocardiogram, and myocardial histomorphology were measured. The mechanisms of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in H9c2 cell lines were explored by comparing three groups (phosphate‐buffered saline, doxorubicin, and doxorubicin with resveratrol). Results: Compared to the control group, the doxorubicin group showed a lower body weight and higher systolic arterial pressure, associated with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening, prolonged PR interval, and QT interval. These abnormalities were associated with vacuolation and increased disorder in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes, increased protein expression levels of α‐smooth muscle actin and caspase 3, and reduced protein expression levels of Mitofusin2 (MFN2) and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1). Compared to the doxorubicin group, doxorubicin + resveratrol treatment reduced caspase 3 and manganese superoxide dismutase, and increased MFN2 and SIRT1 expression levels. Conclusion: Doxorubicin toxicity leads to abnormal mitochondrial morphology and dysfunction in cardiomyocytes and induces apoptosis by interfering with mitochondrial fusion. Resveratrol ameliorates doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by activating SIRT1/MFN2 to improve mitochondria function

Seismic anisotrophy in salt from theoretical study, modelling and field experiments

Bibliography: p. 92-96

Seismic methods for heavy oil reservoir monitoring and characterization

Bibliography: p. 256-260

Study on Dynamic Change Features of Wetlands in Dongying City Based on RS

AbstractThis paper sets 10 interpretation marks and conducts remote sensing interpretation on wetlands of Dongying City, according to data of TM and SPOT remote sensing image from three time phases in 1996, 2002 and 2006. Major types of wetlands in Dongying City include offshore and coastal wetlands, river wetlands, lake wetlands, swamp and swamping wetlands, etc. Results of interpretation show that, for recent ten years, areas of reed marsh wetlands, perpetual river wetlands and intertidal wetlands show an increasing trend, while areas of shallow sea wetlands, paddy field wetlands and mud flat wetlands have a decreasing trend. This provides scientific basis for protection of wetlands resources