Design de materiais como uma demanda da ciência e tecnologia para a inovação

O avanço do conhecimento na ciência e tecnologia dos materiais possibilitou a manipulação e a criação de novos materiais com melhores propriedades em atendimento a aplicações específicas. Dentro desse contexto, o presente artigo visa elucidar o termo design de materiais mediante a promoção da inovação. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura e dissertado sobre o tema a partir de períodos históricos de desenvolvimento da sociedade. Os procedimentos de pesquisa utilizados foram pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos mostram o design de materiais como uma abordagem demandada pela engenharia de materiais no final do século 20, quando o pensamento preditivo foi adotado para a pesquisa, o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de materiais avançados. Já no século 21 o conceito do design de materiais compreendeu os conhecimentos do design e da gestão com o propósito de aumentar a probabilidade de sucesso da difusão da inovação para a sociedade. A colaboração e a criatividade são as apostas emergentes nesse processo.El avance del conocimiento en la ciencia y tecnología de materiales ha permitido la manipulación y creación de nuevos materiales con mejores propiedades para cumplir con aplicaciones específicas. En este contexto, el artículo tiene como objetivo dilucidar el término diseño de materiales para la promoción de la innovación. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura y una disertación sobre el tema de los períodos históricos del desarrollo de la sociedad. Los procedimientos de investigación utilizados fueron la encuesta bibliográfica y el análisis de contenido. Los resultados obtenidos muestran el diseño de materiales como un enfoque requerido por la ingeniería de materiales a finales del siglo XX, cuando se adoptó el pensamiento predictivo para la investigación, desarrollo y aplicación de materiales avanzados. En el siglo XXI, el concepto de diseño de materiales incluye el conocimiento del diseño y la gestión de la innovación para aumentar la probabilidad de una difusión exitosa de la innovación en la sociedad. La colaboración y la creatividad son las apuestas emergentes en este proceso.The advancement of knowledge in the materials science and technology made possible the manipulation and creation of new materials with improved properties to specific applications. In this context, the aim of this study was to elucidate the emerging approach of the materials design toward promoting innovation. A narrative literature review on the subject based on historical periods of society development. The research procedures used were bibliographic research and content analysis. The results show the material design as an approach demanded of the materials engineering, born at the end of the 20th century, where the predictive thinking was adopted for the development and application of advanced materials. Already in the 21st century the concept of materials design comprised design and management knowledge in order to increase the probability of success of the diffusion of innovation to society. The collaboration and creativity are emerging bets in this process

Chemoselective Reduction of Enones to Allylic Alcohols

Hydrogen transfer reactions with heterogeneous catalyst

Cluster glycosides and heteroglycoclusters presented in alternative arrangements

Multivalent carbohydrates, or glycoclusters, are useful tools to study glycan-lectin and glycan-enzyme recognition processes and have wide potential therapeutic applicability. Herein, we report the synthesis of novel glycoclusters presenting glucopyranose units in alternate arrangements by coupling through the C-1, C-2, C-3 or C-6 sugar positions and using tetra- and hexa-valent scaffolds for multivalent display. Coupling the appropriate azide-functionalised D-glucopyranose units with alkynylated penta- or dipenta-erythritol central cores was accomplished via copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), yielding a panel of eight tetra- and hexa-valent glycoclusters in good yields (52–83%). This click chemistry strategy was extended to the preparation of four heteroglycoclusters using a tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (TRIS) central scaffold. One unit of either the conventional 1-deoxy-D-nojirymicin iminosugar or its’ C-5 epimeric L-gulo isomer, were incorporated along with three D-glucopyranose units linked through either C-1 or C-6

Eye tracking as an aid in the PSS analysis: Case study of the Federal University of Paraná Library

O seguinte artigo refere-se a pesquisa realizada com o equipamento de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) para rastreamento ocular (eye tracking) em conjunto com a ferramenta de design de serviço de análise da jornada do usuário. O método utilizado incluiu um levantamento de referencial teórico seguido de estudo de caso realizado na Biblioteca da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). A pesquisa segue a abordagem qualitativa e tem base o procedimento metodológico Guia de Orientação para Desenvolvimento de Projetos (GODP). O levantamento teórico possibilitou a detecção de ênfases na literatura e, o estudo de caso permitiu apontar como o equipamento para rastreamento ocular pode auxiliar na identificação de lacunas em um Sistema Produto Serviço (PSS). O mapeamento gerado potencializa a elaboração de um serviço que considera também aspectos das diferentes dimensões da sustentabilidade, a fim de propor modelos mais efetivos que atendam as necessidades de diferentes usuários.The following article refers to the research conducted with the Assistive Technology (AT) equipment for eye tracking, performing together with the user's journey analysis service design tool. The method used include a theoretic reference research which isfollowed by a case study performed at the library of the Federal University of Paraná(UFPR). The research has a qualitative approach and is based on the methodological procedure Guidance for Project Development (GODP). The theoretical research enabled the detection of emphases in the literature and the case study allowed the perception of how the equipment for eye tracking allow to serve as a support in the identification of gaps in a Product Service System (PSS). The mapping generated potentialize the elaboration of a service which considers also the different dimensions aspects of sustainability, in order to obtain more consistent models to the whole range of users

CuAAC click chemistry with N-propargyl 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-gulitol and N-propargyl 1,6-dideoxy-1,6-imino-D-mannitol provides access to triazole-linked piperidine and azepane pseudo-disaccharide iminosugars displaying glycosidase inhibitory properties

Protecting group-free synthesis of 1,2:5,6-di-anhydro-D-mannitol, followed by ring opening with propargylamine and subsequent ring closure produced a separable mix of piperidine N-propargyl 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-gulitol and azepane N-propargyl 1,6-dideoxy-1,6-imino-D-mannitol. In O-acetylated form, these two building blocks were subjected to CuAAC click chemistry with a panel of three differently azide-substituted glucose building blocks, producing iminosugar pseudo-disaccharides in good yield. The overall panel of eight compounds, plus 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) as a benchmark, was evaluated as prospective inhibitors of almond β-glucosidase, yeast α-glucosidase and barley β-amylase. The iminosugar pseudo-disaccharides showed no inhibitory activity against almond β-glucosidase, while the parent N-propargyl 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-gulitol and N-propargyl 1,6-dideoxy-1,6-imino-D-mannitol likewise proved to be inactive against yeast α-glucosidase. Inhibitory activity could be reinstated in the former series by appropriate substitution on nitrogen. The greater activity of the piperidine could be rationalized based on docking studies. Further, potent inhibition of β-amylase was observed with compounds from both the piperidine and azepane series

New ionic targets of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine at the plasma membrane of rat Sertoli cells

International audienceThe functions of Sertoli cells, which structurally and functionally support ongoing spermatogenesis, are effectively modulated by thyroid hormones, amongst other molecules. We investigated the mechanism of action of rT3 on calcium (45Ca2+) uptake in Sertoli cells by means of in vitro acute incubation. In addition, we performed electrophysiological recordings of potassium efflux in order to understand the cell repolarization, coupled to the calcium uptake triggered by rT3. Our results indicate that rT3 induces nongenomic responses, as a rapid activation of whole-cell potassium currents in response to rT3 occurred in <5 min in Sertoli cells. In addition, the rT3 metabolite, T2, also exerted a rapid effect on calcium uptake in immature rat testis and in Sertoli cells. rT3 also modulated calcium uptake, which occurred within seconds via the action of selective ionic channels and the Na+/K+ ATPase pump. The rapid response of rT3 is essentially triggered by calcium uptake and cell repolarization, which appear to mediate the secretory functions of Sertoli cells