Understanding the Internationalization of Latin American Enterprises

This paper purpose is to advance the understanding of Latin American multinationals internationalization. Using disaggregated data and differentiating the behavior between private-owned and state-owned multinational enterprises from nine Latin American countries, we analyze this matter at firm, industry and country level. We find that Latin American firms prefer to invest in the same region, nevertheless, the US appears like the most frequent country where these MNEs allocate its subsidiaries. We show that the research and development intensity level of the largest enterprises from Latin America is not high, that most of them are privately-owned and they are performing in a wide variety of industries

ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN SOBRE LAS CRÍTICAS A LA AGRICULTURA ORGÁNICA

This article discusses the main criticisms of organic agriculture. The methodology is qualitative descriptive narrative review, with elements of simplification and dramatization to highlight key points. The purpose of the study was to analyze what has submitted the relevant literature on the discussion of the main criticisms of organic farming and what answers are given to these criticisms. For this purpose 46 articles were analyzed, in magazines and collections of digital databases. The qualitative approach allowed the identification of the main arguments and we decided to group them into two categories: (i) criticism of organic production and (ii) criticism of organic marketing. Finally, the article considers that organic agriculture can play an important role for the global food, however, we pointed the risk that in the future organic agriculture might lose its fundamental principles of serving mankind and the environment