Evaluation of the sustainability of rural areas and application of the Delphi fuzzy technique and the artificial neural network: A case study of rural areas of northern Savadkouh County

Nowadays, paying attention to the issue of sustainability, especially in rural areas, has become a pivot in the policies and plans of countries in the world. Identifying the status of rural areas in terms of sustainability can be of great help in this regard. The purpose of this study is to assess the sustainability of rural areas in northern Savadkouh. The study used a descriptive method to analyze and collect data through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of the villagers living in the villages of northern Savadkouh. A combination of the Delphi fuzzy technique and the artificial neural network was used to analyze the data. At the first, using the Delphi fuzzy method, the stability indices were localized. Then, using the artificial neural network method, the rural areas were divided into two clusters. The results showed that there was proper and balanced stability in the rural areas of the study area (CV = 0.062). In addition, the results of the One-Sample T-test showed a significant difference among the indexes except for the empathy index and the gender ratio. Also, in all the three dimensions of sustainability, the human and natural supports of the rural areas of the northern Savadkouh region had a good balance and equality. Finally, the findings showed that the villages of Burkhill and Ikew ranked first and second, and the villages of Hajikla and Baikorka ranked 14th and 15th in this regard

Phase equilibria of carbon dioxide clathrate hydrates in the presence of methanol/ethylene glycol + single salt aqueous solutions: experimental measurement and prediction

International audienceExperimental hydrate dissociation conditions of carbon dioxide in the presence of methanol + single salt (methanol + CaCl2 and methanol + KCl) and ethylene glycol + single salt (ethylene glycol + CaCl2 and ethylene glycol + KCl) aqueous solutions are reported at different temperatures and various concentrations of the aforementioned hydrate inhibitors in aqueous solutions. All the experimental data were measured using an isochoric pressure-search method. These experimental data are compared with some selected dissociation data from the literature for carbon dioxide clathrate hydrates in the presence of pure water to show the inhibition effect of the studied aqueous solutions. A previously reported thermodynamic model is employed to predict the experimental results and a brief discussion is made on the reliability of the predicted data