Lipschitz Adaptivity with Multiple Learning Rates in Online Learning

We aim to design adaptive online learning algorithms that take advantage of any special structure that might be present in the learning task at hand, with as little manual tuning by the user as possible. A fundamental obstacle that comes up in the design of such adaptive algorithms is to calibrate a so-called step-size or learning rate hyperparameter depending on variance, gradient norms, etc. A recent technique promises to overcome this difficulty by maintaining multiple learning rates in parallel. This technique has been applied in the MetaGrad algorithm for online convex optimization and the Squint algorithm for prediction with expert advice. However, in both cases the user still has to provide in advance a Lipschitz hyperparameter that bounds the norm of the gradients. Although this hyperparameter is typically not available in advance, tuning it correctly is crucial: if it is set too small, the methods may fail completely; but if it is taken too large, performance deteriorates significantly. In the present work we remove this Lipschitz hyperparameter by designing new versions of MetaGrad and Squint that adapt to its optimal value automatically. We achieve this by dynamically updating the set of active learning rates. For MetaGrad, we further improve the computational efficiency of handling constraints on the domain of prediction, and we remove the need to specify the number of rounds in advance.Comment: 22 pages. To appear in COLT 201

On the accuracy of the numerical integrals of the newmark’s method for computing inelastic seismic response

The paper proposes an algorithm of the numerical integration with the modal analysis for computing inelastic seismic responses, and furthermore, the accuracy of the numerical integration with the Newmark’s =1/4 method that is most popular in the earthquake engineering is discussed by comparing with the response computed by the proposed method

Green tea polyphenol-reduced graphene oxide: derivatisation, reduction efficiency, reduction mechanism and cytotoxicity

This paper reports on the derivatisation, reduction efficiency, reduction mechanism and cytotoxicity of green tea polyphenol-reduced graphene oxide (GTP-RGO). The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) at 90°C using a weight ratio (WR) of GTP/GO=1 resulted in the production of a stable GTP-RGO dispersion in aqueous media, as indicated by the results of ultravioletvisible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the measurement of zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility. In addition, the results from UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated the comparable reduction ability of GTP relative to the standard reducing agent, hydrazine (N2H4). The removal mechanism of epoxy group from GO via reduction reaction with GTP was investigated by implementing hybrid functional method of Becke-3-parameters-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP)using Gaussian 09 software. The energy and frequency calculations showed that the GO reduction using GTP was more spontaneous and relatively took place faster than the reduction using N2H4, as evidenced by higher entropy change (ΔS) (0.039 kcal/mol·K) and lower Gibbs free energy (ΔG) barrier (58.880 kcal/mol).The cytotoxicities of GO and GTP-RGO samples were evaluated against human colonic fibroblasts cells (CCD-18Co). The GO sample was determined to be toxic even at low concentration (6.25 μg/mL), while the GTP-RGO sample possesses notably low toxicity at the same concentration. The cell culture experiments revealed that the incorporation of GTP led to a decrease in the toxicity of GTP-RGO samples

Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan terhadap Opini Going Concern (Studi Kasus pada Bank Umum Syariah yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia)

Perusahaan yang didirikan memiliki tujuan agar dapat mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup USAhanya (going concern). Peran auditor dibutuhkan sebagai pihak independen untuk memberikan opini sesuai dengan kondisi Perusahaan yang sebenarnya. Opini audit going concern merupakan opini audit yang diberikan kepada Perusahaan yang oleh auditor diragukan mengenai kemampuan untuk melanjutkan USAhanya sebagai USAha yang berkesinambungan (ISA 570.10). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh kinerja keuangan terhadap opini going concern. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 6 Perusahaan bank syariah yang terdaftar di BEI selama periode penelitian 2010-2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio likuiditas yang diproksikan current ratio berpengaruh Negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Opini Going concern. Rasio Profitabilitas yang diproksikan dengan Net Profit Margin (Margin Laba Bersih) berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap opini going concern. Rasio Solvabilitas yang diproksikan dengan Rasio hutang modal/Debt to Equity Ratio berpengaruh Positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap opini going concern. Rasio Likuiditas yang diproksikan current ratio, rasio profitabilitas yang diproksikan net profit margin dan rasio solvabilitas yang diproksikan debt to equity ratio Menunjukan bahwa model yang kurang baik dan tidak mampu mempengaruhi Opini Going Concern. maka secara simultan tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap opini going concern

Nature Relation Between Climatic Variables and Cotton Production

This study investigated the effect of climatic variables on flower and boll production and retention in cotton (Gossypium barbadense). Also, this study investigated the relationship between climatic factors and production of flowers and bolls obtained during the development periods of the flowering and boll stage, and to determine the most representative period corresponding to the overall crop pattern. Evaporation, sunshine duration, relative humidity, surface soil temperature at 1800 h, and maximum air temperature, are the important climatic factors that significantly affect flower and boll production. The least important variables were found to be surface soil temperature at 0600 h and minimum temperature. There was a negative correlation between flower and boll production and either evaporation or sunshine duration, while that correlation with minimum relative humidity was positive. Higher minimum relative humidity, short period of sunshine duration, and low temperatures enhanced flower and boll formation

An Approach for Dealing with Statuses of Non-Statistically Significant Interactions between Treatments

A field experiment on cotton yield resulted in a non-statistically significant interaction. An approach for follow-up examination between treatments based on least significant difference values was suggested to identify the effect regardless of insignificance. It was found that the classical formula used in calculating the significance of interactions suffers a possible shortage that can be eliminated by applying a suggested revision