THE MOTIVATIONAL PROCESS ACROSS CULTURES: EXPERIMENT ON MOROCCAN & UKRAINIAN SUBJECT

Motivation is the driver of the performance in the workplace, as it is the energy that leads and maintains the effort of the worker. Since the early years of the 19th century researchers gave more importance to it. Therefore several theories have been developed to explain what motivation is, what motivates, or demotivates people and what environment is the most suitable to reinforce motivation. However, most of the main authors on this field recognized the importance of the culture in the motivation process, sources and consequences, and yet, they did not demonstrate what specific elements of the motivational process vary from a culture to another. This paper tries to explore the main motivation theories and merge them into a model of motivational process. Then, based on that model, we set an experiment to see what steps of the motivational process are being influenced by the culture. This experiment, consists of a group of tasks to be performed by participants from Morocco and Ukraine and the observation of their behaviour towards them. The importance of this work is about understanding if yes or no, the motivation can vary from a culture to another, and what specific elements can actually vary. These answers would attract further questions for following researches as what specificities of cultures can generate what precise influence on what element of the motivational process

The environmental knowledge and pro-environmental behavior of future engineers in Morocco

During the recent decades, raising the level of environmental awareness has become one of the main social goals, which has reached a level of social and political consensus never seen before. Education can be the catalyst that changes people’s behavior regarding the environment (Zsóka et al., 2013; Schultz, 2014). Many studies have demonstrated a positive link between education level and pro-environmental behavior (Fernandez-Manzanal et al., 2007; Levine and Strube, 2012; Meyer, 2015; Monier et al., 2009). In Morocco, as in many countries of the world, human behavior towards the environment has been defective. However, the country has been taking a number of steps to protect the environment. There have been few researchers investigating the role of universities as agents contributing to environmental awareness, especially engineering schools. Engineering work has a significant effect on the world. The advent of engineers, engineering work, and engineering schooling is closely related to countries development (Downey and Lucena 2004, Downey and Lucena 2005). This paper aims to analyze the relationship between 3 factors: the sources of environmental issues, the acquired knowledge and the pro-environmental behavior to protect the environment. In order to do that, a survey of 141 engineering students has been assessed in 5 different engineering schools and the results have then shown that the sources of information is the internet and this source doesn’t lead to accountability of the individuals. Furthermore, the taken actions for the environment rarely include trash sorting, paper and meat consumption