35 research outputs found

    Automated genome mining for natural products

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    Abstract Background Discovery of new medicinal agents from natural sources has largely been an adventitious process based on screening of plant and microbial extracts combined with bioassay-guided identification and natural product structure elucidation. Increasingly rapid and more cost-effective genome sequencing technologies coupled with advanced computational power have converged to transform this trend toward a more rational and predictive pursuit. Results We have developed a rapid method of scanning genome sequences for multiple polyketide, nonribosomal peptide, and mixed combination natural products with output in a text format that can be readily converted to two and three dimensional structures using conventional software. Our open-source and web-based program can assemble various small molecules composed of twenty standard amino acids and twenty two other chain-elongation intermediates used in nonribosomal peptide systems, and four acyl-CoA extender units incorporated into polyketides by reading a hidden Markov model of DNA. This process evaluates and selects the substrate specificities along the assembly line of nonribosomal synthetases and modular polyketide synthases. Conclusion Using this approach we have predicted the structures of natural products from a diverse range of bacteria based on a limited number of signature sequences. In accelerating direct DNA to metabolomic analysis, this method bridges the interface between chemists and biologists and enables rapid scanning for compounds with potential therapeutic value.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112362/1/12859_2008_Article_2915.pd

    Towards a qualified classicism

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    The intent of this thesis is to first, demonstrate that classicism remains valid as an underlying idea for the creation of architecture and second, that in order to exist in a meaningful and critical position, classicism must be 'qualified.' The term qualification is meant to describe the shift that has occurred in the nature of classicism since the Enlightenment. Classicism is no longer absolute and pure. The purity and unity of classical canon have been violated, compromised, and inverted since this time. A qualified classicism acknowledges this violation not through pastiche or image appropriation, but in a critical synthesis. There is no turning back to the times of the ancients, for modernism is now part of our architectural heritage as much as classicism is. However, classicism has been the basis for Western architecture for over 2, years -- and at its heart lie principles which are timeless and permanent. Idealization, hierarchy,and centrality are among several principles that may form a solid basis for an architecture, regardless of style. These principles may be used as a syntax or datum, which may them be? qualified by more relative and contemporary concerns. The introduction to the paper establishes the validity of classicism and the need for qualification. The next two sections describe how Sir Edwin Lutyens and Le Corbusier approach the idea of a qualified classicism in their work. The examples used for each are the Viceroy's Residence in New Delhi, and the Capitol complex at Chandigarh, respectively. They were chosen because of their unique proximity in time and place, and because they demonstrate that a qualified classicism can be approached from two poles; Lutyens from the normative and Corb from the relative. In the conclusion , several points are set forth which delineate the characteristics for a qualified classicism. The design project accompanying this thesis is a design for a city hall in College Station, Texas

    Analysis of night sky pollution with artificial light, emitted by existing sports buildings, using DIALux simulation software

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    W niniejszym artykule przedstawione zosta艂y mo偶liwo艣ci analizy poziomu zanieczyszczenia niebosk艂onu nocnego 艣wiat艂em sztucznym, pochodz膮cym z obiekt贸w sportowych, takich jak stadiony, czy boiska pi艂karskie. Za pomoc膮 oprogramowania symulacyjnego DIALux stworzono model komputerowy Stadionu Miejskiego, znajduj膮cego si臋 w Bia艂ymstoku oraz wykonano symulacje i obliczenia, na podstawie kt贸rych okre艣lono ilo艣膰 strumienia 艣wietlnego, wydobywaj膮cego si臋 poza obszar badanego obiektu. Pomiary przeprowadzono dla r贸偶nych wysoko艣ci chmur, uwzgl臋dniaj膮c odpowiedni wsp贸艂czynnik odbicia 艣wiat艂a. Jednocze艣nie oznaczono poziom nat臋偶enia o艣wietlenia na powierzchni dr贸g, biegn膮cych obok Stadionu Miejskiego oraz przeanalizowano mo偶liwo艣ci wykorzystania 艣wiat艂a pochodz膮cego z obiektu sportowego, w celu poprawy efektywno艣ci energetycznej o艣wietlenia drogowego w okolicy badanego budynku.This article presents the possibilities of analyzing the level of the night sky pollution by artificial light from sports buildings such as stadiums and football pitches. Using the DIALux simulation software, a computer model of the Municipal Stadium in Bialystok was created and simulations and calculations were also made. On this basis, the number of luminous flux emitted outside the area of the tested object was determined. The measurements were carried out for different cloud heights, taking into account the appropriate light reflection coefficient. At the same time, the level of illuminance on the roads surfaces next to the Municipal Stadium was determined and the possibilities of using the light coming from the sports buildings were analyzed in order to improve the energy efficiency of road lighting in the area next to analyzed building

    History of the light in Poland

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    The article presents the most important events in the development of lighting technology. In the next part discusses the development history of research centers, the most deserved characters and the current state lighting technology in Poland.Artyku艂 przedstawia najwa偶niejsze wydarzenia w rozwoju techniki 艣wietlnej. W dalszej cz臋艣ci opracowanie omawia histori臋 o艣rodk贸w naukowych, najbardziej zas艂u偶one postacie oraz stan obecny techniki 艣wietlnej w Polsce

    Modelling of illuminance distribution on the optical way cooperating with phosphor

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    Luminofory fosforowe stosowane do 藕r贸de艂 p贸艂przewodnikowych wsp贸艂pracuj膮 z quasi-monochromatycznym 藕r贸d艂em promieniowania z zakresu barwy niebieskiej i emituj膮 艣wiat艂o bia艂e. D艂ugo艣膰 fali promieniowania wmuszaj膮cego zawiera si臋 w w膮skim przedziale absorpcyjnym materia艂u luminescencyjnego dla kt贸rego uzyskiwane s膮 okre艣lone parametry barwne. Zmiana charakteru spektralnego promieniowania pierwotnego wp艂ywa na sprawno艣膰 konwersji oraz parametry kolorymetryczne strumienia wyj艣ciowego uzyskiwanego w wyniku fotoluminescencji. Realizacja uk艂adu z艂o偶onego z kilku niezale偶nych emiter贸w p贸艂przewodnikowych sprz臋偶onych z torem optycznym pozwoli na o艣wietlenie wybranego fragmentu powierzchni luminoforu oraz sterowanie zakresem widmowym promieniowania wymuszaj膮cego. Geometria prowadnicy optycznej powinna zapewni膰 wysok膮 sprawno艣膰 uk艂adu, jak r贸wnie偶 r贸wnomierno艣膰 o艣wietlanej powierzchni luminoforu. Artyku艂 przedstawia analiz臋 procesu formowania wi膮zki 艣wietlnej w torze optycznym, w zale偶no艣ci od jej wymiar贸w geometrycznych oraz usytuowania 藕r贸d艂a promieniowania.Used for white semiconductor light sources phosphoric phosphors cooperate with quasi鈥搈onochromatic blue light source. Forcing radiation wavelength closes in narrow adsorption range of phosphor material for with exact colour parameters are achieved. Primary radiation spectral nature alteration affects conversion efficiency and colorimetric parameters of optical flux obtained by photoluminescence. Realization of the system containing few independent semiconductor emitters coupled with optical path will allow to illuminate selected phosphor surface and control forcing radiation spectral range. Optical way geometry should ensure system high efficiency, as well as illuminated phosphorus surface uniformity. Article presents the analysis of light beam formation process in optical path, depending on its geometrical dimensions and light source location

    Modelling flux phosfor forsed halogen source

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    Luminofory fosforowe stosowane do diod elektroluminescencyjnych wsp贸艂pracuj膮 z emiterami p贸艂przewodnikowymi emituj膮cymi promieniowanie z zakresu VIS o fali d艂ugo艣ci 440-480 nm (barwa niebieska). W artykule przedstawiono pomiary charakterystyk spektralnych dla przypadku, gdy 藕r贸d艂em wymuszaj膮cym fotoluminescencje jest 偶ar贸wka halogenowa o ci膮g艂ym widmie promieniowania zbli偶onym do rozk艂adu Plancka. Kszta艂towanie bry艂y fotometrycznej powierzchni luminoforu kt贸ra emituje promieniowanie zbli偶one do rozsy艂u lambertowskiego nale偶y rozpatrywa膰 jako zbi贸r punkt贸w 艣wietlnych. Analiza doboru wielko艣ci luminoforu oraz kszta艂tu reflektora wsp贸艂pracuj膮cego z powierzchni膮 emituj膮c膮 艣wiat艂o prowadzi do okre艣lenia sprawno艣ci oprawy, kszta艂tu i profilu wi膮zki wyj艣ciowej. W artykule przedstawiono r贸wnie偶 model matematyczny konstrukcji 艣wietlno-optycznej wsp贸艂pracuj膮cej z luminoforem i odb艂y艣nikiem parabolicznym oraz wyniki oblicze艅 symulacyjnych.Phosphorous used in the light-emitting diode emitters cooperate with the semiconductor emitters emitting VIS radiation of wave length in range 440-480nm (blue). The article shows results of spectral characteristics for the case when the source forcing the photoluminescence is a halogen lamp with a continuous spectrum of radiation close to the Planck spectral distribution. Analysis size phosphor and the shape of the reflector cooperating with a light-emitting surface leads to a determination in efficiency, the shape and profile of the output beam. The paper also presents the mathematical model of lightand- optical cooperating with phosphor and parabolic reflector and the results of calculations lighting system

    Inverter control of paraller active power filter with TOSLINK optical transmission

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    Artyku艂 przedstawia wyniki bada艅 r贸wnoleg艂ego filtra aktywnego poprawiaj膮cego w艂a艣ciwo艣ci odbiornika nieliniowego, w kt贸rym wykorzystano transmisj臋 sygna艂贸w steruj膮cych 艂膮czem 艣wiat艂owodowym. Transmisj臋 艣wiat艂owodow膮 zrealizowano przy wykorzystaniu uk艂adu TOTO/ TORX 173 i polimerowego w艂贸kna optycznego (POF). Dotychczasowe rozwi膮zania wykorzystuj膮ce klasyczne 艂膮cza miedziane sprawdza艂y si臋 do transmisji na odleg艂o艣膰 tylko rz臋du kilkunastu centymetr贸w, ze wzgl臋du na bardzo du偶e zniekszta艂cenia wynikaj膮ce z oddzia艂ywania zewn臋trznego pola elektromagnetycznego na przewody transmisyjne. Stosuj膮c optyczne 艂膮cze 艣wiat艂owodowe uzyskano poprawn膮 prac臋 uk艂adu z mo偶liwo艣ci膮 odseparowania modu艂贸w steruj膮cych na odleg艂o艣膰 rz臋du 10 m, z perspektyw膮 wyd艂u偶enia linii transmisyjnej, wykorzystuj膮c technik臋 WDM.The paper presents investigation results of the parallel active power filter, which improves the propriety of nonlinear receiver set. Control system is using the TOSLINK optical link transmission.The optical systems of data transmision usually be used in telecommunicational optical nets, audio-video connection or there, where assured the suitable quality of signal has to be. The light is insensitive on electromagnetic field, under regard his speed of changes and the value of field amplitude. This optical track proprieties can transfer information in subject to electromagnetic disturbance environments Fig. 4) [3]. The system control was executed in two ways. Technologically simpler was the system of individual input-output channels (Fig. 5). The more advanced WDM system (Fig. 6), was using the multiplexation and demultiplexation of optical signal broadcast with single fiber. The transoptors elimination from control systems and leaning in their place the optical broadcast system besed on TOTX/TORX 173 (Fig. 7) improves the quality of steering signal quality and increases the transmission band in comparison to integrated arrangements. The use of optical fiber separation permits on shortening the distance between module and inverter. The signal analysis from oscilloscope (Fig. 8) shows small delay, which results from the time of detection by TORX and insignificant disconnection time of TOTX. The test of optical link was executed by the optical fiber of length nearly 10 m

    Use of solar radiation in shaping the energy efficiency in public buildings

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    Zwi臋kszanie efektywno艣ci energetycznej jest realizowane poprzez zmniejszanie zu偶ycia energii i ograniczenie jej strat. Racjonalne wykorzystywanie dost臋pnych 藕r贸de艂 energii, systemy automatyki oraz odpowiednia architektura budynku, nale偶膮 do przedsi臋wzi臋膰 s艂u偶膮cych poprawie efektywno艣ci energetycznej budynk贸w. W artykule przedstawiono g艂贸wne wymagania dotycz膮ce zapotrzebowania budynku u偶yteczno艣ci publicznej na energi臋, metodyk臋 obliczania zapotrzebowania na energi臋 dla budynku oraz znaczenie promieniowania s艂onecznego w kszta艂towaniu bilansu energetycznego budynk贸w. G艂贸wnym celem opracowania by艂o wskazanie wybranych narz臋dzi oraz program贸w do przeprowadzania analiz technicznych, ekonomicznych i 艣rodowiskowych system贸w fotowoltaicznych i system贸w kolektor贸w s艂onecznych.Increasing energy efficiency is achieved by reducing energy consumption and limiting its losses. The rational use of available energy sources, automation systems and proper building architecture belong to projects aimed at improving the energy efficiency of buildings. The article describes the main requirements for public building demand for energy, the methodology for calculating the energy requirements for the building and the impact of solar radiation in shaping the energy balance of buildings. The main aim of the study was to indicate most widely used tools and programs to conduct analysis of technical, economic and environmental systems, solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems

    Diagnosis of glow plugs using thermography

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    Przedstawiono inowacyjny spos贸b diagnostyki 艣wiec 偶arowych za pomoc膮 termowizji. Artyku艂 pokazuje alternatywny spos贸b ich diagnostyki, bez potrzeby ich wymontowywania. Zosta艂y za艂膮czone zdj臋cia z kamery termowizyjnej 艣wiec 偶arowych kilku aut o silniku diesla.Shows inovation method for the diagnosis of glow plugs using thermal imaging. The article shows an alternative method of diagnosis, without having to remove them from the vehicle. They have attached photos of the infrared camera of glow plugs of several cars with diesel engine
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