Transistor Package's Boron Nitride Film Microstructure and Roughness: Effect of EPD Suspensions' pH and Binder

Boron Nitride (BN) film is increasingly used in various applications like lubrication, releasing agent, thermosetting insulator material, thermal enhancer etc. Limited studies were done on electrophoretic deposition (EPD) using BN particles for industrial application. EPD is potential coating method for automotive, appliance and general industrial parts, because of its capable to do deposition on the complex geometry shape, achievable controllable thickness, easy setup, and low cost process set-up. BN stability in EPD suspension is important to produce repeatability and reproducibility deposition result. EPD process was characterized by evaluate dispersion medium (water, Acetic acid, Sulphamic acid & Ammonia) and binder (PEG, Silane Coupling Agent, Poly cationic 1 – PC 1, Poly cationic 2 – PC 2). Dispersion medium was evaluated suspension stability at different level of pH, acid (pH 2-pH 6), neutral and base (pH 8 – pH 11). Binder was used to enhance bonding strength of the deposited micron size particle on the substrate. The study was used sedimentation test to identify suitable dispersion medium and binder (charging agent) for BN particles. Stability of dispersion and binder medium was selected based on the particles dispersion and settling rate was evaluated by sedimentation test. Our result indicates combination of water medium and polycationic 2 gave the high BN suspension stability and compact EPD film. It also found that Polycationic 2 concentration from 0.2 - 0.7 wt% was increased the surface roughness of the deposited BN film and optimum roughness was achieved 825 nm with 0.7 wt%

Transistor Package’s Boron Nitride Film Microstructure And Roughness: Effect Of EPD Suspensions’ pH And Binder

Boron Nitride (BN) film is increasingly used in various applications like lubrication, releasing agent, thermosetting insulator material, thermal enhancer etc. Limited studies were done on electrophoretic deposition (EPD) using BN particles for industrial application. EPD is potential coating method for automotive, appliance and general industrial parts, because of its capable to do deposition on the complex geometry shape, achievable controllable thickness, easy setup, and low cost process set-up. BN stability in EPD suspension is important to produce repeatability and reproducibility deposition result. EPD process was characterized by evaluate dispersion medium (water, Acetic acid, Sulphamic acid & Ammonia) and binder (PEG, Silane Coupling Agent, Poly cationic 1 – PC 1, Poly cationic 2 – PC 2). Dispersion medium was evaluated suspension stability at different level of pH, acid (pH 2-pH 6), neutral and base (pH 8 – pH 11). Binder was used to enhance bonding strength of the deposited micron size particle on the substrate. The study was used sedimentation test to identify suitable dispersion medium and binder (charging agent) for BN particles. Stability of dispersion and binder medium was selected based on the particles dispersion and settling rate was evaluated by sedimentation test. Our result indicates combination of water medium and polycationic 2 gave the high BN suspension stability and compact EPD film. It also found that Polycationic 2 concentration from 0.2 - 0.7 wt% was increased the surface roughness of the deposited BN film and optimum roughness was achieved 825 nm with 0.7 wt%

Investigation Of Copper(I)Thiocyanate (CuSCN) As A Hole Transporting Layer For Perovskite Solar Cells Application

Copper(I) Thiocyanate (CuSCN) is an inorganic hole transporting layer (HTL) used in perovskite solar cells (PSC). This material offers higher stability and reliability compared to conventional HTL. In this work, for depositing CuSCN (inorganic compound) we were using spin coating technique. The annealing temperature of CuSCN is varied in order to analyze the structural and electrical characteristics. The structural characteristics are determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Meanwhile, the electrical characteristic is measured by the I-V characteristics measurement. SEM images show the material surface features such as crystallinity morphology and density. XRD and Raman spectroscopy are used to confirm the coated surface on the ITO substrate is CuSCN. Besides, the I-V characteristic reveals that the conductivity with respect to annealing temperature. As a result, the optimized annealing temperature of CuSCN is 80 °C and showing conductivity of 62.96 S/m. In conclusion, CuSCN has a significant conductivity, hence suitable for the application as the HTL for perovskite solar cells

A Facile Coating Method for Superhydrophobic Magnetic Composite Sheet from Biodegradable Durian Peel for Electromagnetic Wave Absorbance Application

Most of the electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers are commonly made from polymerbased materials. A large number of polymers are resistant to the environmental degradation and are thus responsible for the buildup of polymeric solid waste materials. These solid wastes cause acute environmental problems and remain undegraded for quite a long time. In a view of the awareness and concern for the problems created by the polymeric solid wastes, new biodegradable cellulosic composite with low cost and nontoxic materials, have been designed and developed. However, the properties of natural fibers that tends to absorb water, thus limiting their application. In this study,precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was added with stearic acid (SA) in order to generate a hydrophobic coating formulation. PCC works as filler and SA acts as surface hydrophobic modification agent. Polymer latex was then added to the coating compound as the binder. The composite surface morphology was inspected using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results show that durian peel composite sheet had successfully achieved a superhydrophobic surface with a water contact angle of 154.85° which exceed 150°

Electroless Ni-Co-Cu-P Alloy Deposition in Alkaline Hypophosphite Based Bath

The use of electroless deposition method to deposit nickel alloy attracts attention due to its uniformity, corrosion resistance in neutral media and low friction. Quaternary nickel alloy deposit can be achieved by adding metal ion additive into the plating bath. Furthermore, the use of alkaline bath can accelerate the deposition rate, and provide sufficient thickness for corrosion protection. In this study, an electroless quaternary nickel alloy is deposited on iron coupons by adding cobalt and copper ions in hypophosphite based Ni-P alkaline bath. The nickel alloy deposit surface morphology is studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray fluorescence(XRF). Corrosion behavior of the nickel alloy is investigated using polarization curve measurement in 3.5wt% NaCl aqueous solution. From the results, the elecroless Ni-Co-Cu-P alloy coating produced at higher plating bah pH is harder than the lower bath pH. Higher Co, Cu and P content in the Ni alloy exhibit broader passive area in the polarization curve measurement results

Simulation of wire and arc additive manufacturing of 308L stainless steel with coldArc gas metal arc welding

This research focuses on the capabilities of coldArc GMAW in the behavior of heat input to the weld bead dimension. In this study, the effect of process GMAW of 308L stainless steel filler wire with a thickness of 1.2 mm and 304L stainless steel base plate, with a dimension of 120 mm x 25 mm x 10 mm (height x width x thickness) by applying WAAM. The data was collected using MATLAB of a Smart Weld Rosenthal’s Steady-State 3D Isotherms. A Taguchi response was used in the DOE method with Minitab software to analyze the effect of process parameters on height, width, and depth of weld bead dimension during GMAW. The experiments were conducted following the low, mid, and high input parameters will show the different structures of weld bead dimension, which include 70 A, 75 A, and 78 A (arc current), 15 V, 16 V, and 17 V (voltage), 400 mm/min, 600 mm/min, and 800 mm/min (welding speed). Hence, the optimum value is 75 A, 16 V, and 800 mm/min, and the most significant parameters to deposit stainless steel with coldArc GMAW were welding speed followed by arc current and voltage

Surface Crystallinity Control And Electrochemical Evaluation Of Electroless Nickel Alloy Deposition

Electroless nickel alloy deposition on steel substrates is done at various plating bath pHs and compositions.The increase in plating bath pH increased the nickel alloy deposition rate but decreased the phosphorous,zinc and copper content in nickel alloy film.The accretion of phosphorous content in Ni-P alloys showed a wide passive area in the anodic polarization measurement in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.The copper addition also produced Ni-Cu-P deposits with a wide passive area during high phosphorous content as well as corrosion resistance.However,the Zn addition in Ni-Zn-P and Ni-Zn-Cu-P alloys showed no passive area thus having lower corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.Plating bath pH has a significant effect on the compositions,surface crystallinity and corrosion behavior of Ni alloys in neutral solutions

Effect Of Coating Thickness On Corrosion Behavior Of Electroless Quaternary Nickel Alloy Deposit In 3.5 wt% NaCl Solutions

Metal additive can be added into electroless Ni-Palloy matrix to improve various characteristic, particularly corrosion resistance. Previous studies show that the decreases plating bath pH, increases the phosphorous content in the nickel alloy coatings, improving the corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solutions. However, the true effect of various plating bath pH on corrosion resistance of the nickel alloy is need to be study due to its effect on deposition rate. In this study, electroless quaternary nickel alloy is deposited on pure iron coupon with copper and zinc as metal additive in the plating bath solution. The deposition is done at various plating bath pH and producing approximately the same thickness to verify the plating bath pH effect. The coated coupon is then immersed into 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for anodic polarization curve measurements. From the results, the nickel alloy deposited at similar thickness exhibit almost identical corrosion potential, hence, similar corrosion resistance regardless the effect plating pH on the nickel alloy composition

Corrosion behavior of API-5L-x42 petroleum/natural gas pipeline steel in South China Sea and Strait of Melaka Seawaters

This work aims to investigate the corrosion effect of different seawaters surrounding Peninsular Malaysia on the carbon steel of the petroleum/natural gas pipeline. The Tafel extrapolation technique has been applied to evaluate the corrosion rate of the pipeline steel and different locations of natural seawaters have been used as the electrolyte solution. In this experiment, carbon steel pipeline, API-5L-X42 was utilized as the sample and the seawaters were taken from several locations in Peninsular Malaysia, specifically at the South China Sea (Terengganu, Kelantan, Pahang) and the Strait of Melaka (Melaka, Johor, Negeri Sembilan). The corrosion rate calculation and the type of corrosion attack also have been discussed on the basis of the morphology and the metal contents of the seawaters. It was found that the corrosion rate of the carbon steel is relatively higher in the Strait of Melaka seawaters than that of the South China Sea seawaters. The corrosion rate results varied from 0.01 to 0.024 mm/year. Immersion test were carried out to examine the corrosion product formed on the surface of the pipe and from the result, localized corrosion (pitting) and uniform corrosion occurred at the specimen’s surface severely for both seawater electrolytes. In summary, South China Sea is more favorable environment for the application of this type of pipeline steel compared to that of Strait of Melak

Evaluation of current, force and temperature signals on welding formation of bobbin friction stir welded AA1100

Understanding process response through measuring process signal provides onsite information in the area of process monitoring, which saves time and costs. The type of signals depends upon the type of process, equipment and machines used through sensors attached on the equipment used in the process. This is an important method for detecting changes in the process that reflect the condition or quality of the weld. The benefits of this method, however, has not been well performed for Bobbin friction welding. This process is different from conventional friction welding due to the different process set-up in term of tooling and parameters, hence the need to evaluate the signal response. Consequently, signal measuring for welding plate AA1100 was carried out. Tool rotation ranged from 750 rpm to 950 rpm with a fixed travel rate of 130 mm/min on a CNC milling machine and a fixed spacing tool. During the joining process, welding temperature, current consumption and welding force were measured. The resulting data were then plotted on the X-Y axis chart and mapped using the welded plate identifying the welding phase. From the welding force and current measurement, it is found that high force and current is detected at the tool entry phase and exit. As the tool moves towards the end of the plate, the temperature increased. The highest current and strength are measured when the spindle speed is at the lowest, while the highest temperature is at the fastest spindle speed In weld phase a current of © The Authors 2021