Effect of a Mixture of Plants Extracts on Genomic DNA, Insulin Receptor, and Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Genes in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Male Rats.

This study was designed to study the effects of methanol-watery extracts mixture of five selective medicinal plants on genomic DNA, insulin receptor, and insulin receptor substrate-1 genes in alloxan-induced diabetic male rats. The molecular assays used in this study was DNA fragmentation test and polymerase chain reaction of insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1. Phytochemical assays (thin layer chromatography (TLC) and antioxidant activity by ?- carotene spray) were carried out for characterization of methanol-watery extracts of each plants used (Trigonella faenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds, Nigella sativa (black cumin) seeds, Zingiber officinale (ginger) rhizomes, Olea europeae (olive) leaves, and Fraxinus ssp.(ash) seeds). The results indicate presence of number of antioxidant bands with different retardation factors (Rf).   Molecular study of DNA showed fragmentation in both DNA extracted from WBC and renal cortex in diabetic group while treatment with mixture  of plants extracts significantly reduced DNA fragmentation in both DNA extracted from WBC and renal cortex in all treatment groups except treatment for 45 days which still had lyses level 5000 bp of DNA extracted from renal cortex. On the other hand, insulin receptor gene of diabetic and diabetic-treated groups for different periods (45, 60, 75 days) showed precense of one band (200 bp) compared with normal control which had two bands while insulin receptor substrate-1 has normal band (320 bp) in normal and treated groups. Keywords: alloxan, insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate -1, antioxidant, DNA fragmentatio

Study the role of Estradiol and Luteinizing hormones in breast tumors incidence in the women in Al-Najaf Governorate- Iraq

This study aims to illustration the role of some important risk factors which including age, age at menarche , menopausal status, the levels of estradiol(E2) and luteinizing hormones(LH) in the increasing breast tumors incidence by using 120 women, divided into three groups; control group including forty healthy women, benign group containing forty women with breast benign tumor and malignant group of forty women with malignant breast tumor, this last group subdivided into; malignant presurgery and malignant post surgery groups each one contain twenty women.    The results showed that benign breast tumors are  more common in women with interval age 31-40 years whereas malignant breast tumors were more common in women with interval age 41-50 years. Early age at menarche wasn’t significantly associated with increasing breast cancer incidence, contrariwise menopausal status which was significantly associated with increasing this disease .   The results revealed a significant elevation P? 0.05 in the levels of estradiol E2, and Luteinizing hormones in the women with breast cancer before tumor excision and reduction in the levels of these hormones in the women after tumor excision indicating the role of these hormones in the initiation or promotion breast cancer. In conclusion, this study revealed that breast cancer incidence increased in women in forties and fifties of age and increasing the levels of endogenous hormones such as Estradiol, and luteinizing hormones can increased risk of developing breast cancer especially in postmenopausal women. Key word : Brest cancer  , Risk factor ,  Estradiol(E2) ,  luteinizing hormone

Protective activity of some antioxidant plant against hydrogen peroxidase genotoxic effects on human lymphocyte

The study aims to evaluation protective activity of different plants  extracts, methanol extract of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.); sage (Salvia officinalis L) and  Pomegranate cortex  (Punica granutum) and cold and hot water extract  of Ginger ( Zingiber officinale) and soaking method for saffron (Ccinerocus sativus) against oxidative stress caused by H2O2 on human lymphocyte in vitro using DNA fragmentation test . Plant extracts were characterized using thin layer chromatography and detection phenol compounds using ferric chloride reagent. Results showed that some plant extract consist of different compounds and have phenolic compounds in its extracts, some of this extracts didn’t have any effect on DNA when it use alone, but others have genotoxic effects, also its appeared protective effect against H2O2 which it caused fragment in DNA. Key words: oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation, antioxidant activity

Protective Effect of Plants Extracts Mixture on Sperm Abnormalities, Testicular and Epididymal Tissues in Diabetic Male Rats

Background: Diabetes has been associated with reproductive impairment in both men and women. About 90% of diabetic patients have disturbances in sexual function, including a decrease in libido, impotence and infertility. Attention has been paid to the search of effective drugs in the field of traditional medicine. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus type 2(T2DM)  on the sperm abnormalities, testicular and epididymal tissues of male rats. Also to evaluate the efficiency of the mixture of methanol-watery extracts composed of five medicinal plants (Trigonella faenum-graecum seeds, Nigella sativa seeds, Zingiber officinale rhizomes, Olea europeae leaves and Fraxinus ssp.seeds) in reducing harmful effect of DM on the percentage of sperm abnormalities, testicular and epididymal tissues. Methods: Twenty-four mature male rats were used in six groups (n=4), the first group kept as a control. The second group received alloxan (120 mg/ kg body weight i.p.) for 3 days to induction of T2DM while the third, fourth, and fifth groups were diabetic rats received the plants extracts mixture orally for 45, 60, 75 days, respectively after induction of T2DM. The sixth group received the plants extracts mixture for 60 days. By the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed and the testis and epididymis were excised and sperm was collected for morphological abnormalities of the sperm shape. Also histopathological examination of the testes and epididymis were examined. Results: The sperm shape abnormalities significantly increased (p<0.05) in alloxan – induced diabetic rats compared with normal control group. Histopathological examination showed degenerative changes of both testes and epididymis in diabetic rats which include significant decrease (p<0.05) in both diameter of seminiferous tubules and their germinal epithelium heights and non-significant decrease (p>0.05) in both diameters of cauda epididymal tubules and height of epithelium of cauda epididymal  tubules. On the other hand, atrophied seminiferous tubules, atrophied spermatogenic cells and the lumen of semineferous tubules free from sperm was detected. Furthermore, expansion of interstitial space between seminiferous tubules were seen . In contrast , oral administration of the plants extracts mixture to the diabetic rats at three period of study 45, 60, 75 days, respectively statistically decreased (p<0.05) most sperms abnormalities compared with diabetic group and caused non-significant differences compared with control group besides enhancing the histological changes of both testes and epididymis. Conclusion: DM has negative effect in male testis and epidydimis of alloxan-induced rats and may contribute in reduction of fertility while the plants extracts mixture used in this study can reduce most degerenative changes occurred in testes and epidydimis in diabetic groups treated with the mixture of plants extracts. Therefore, plants extracts mixture can be effectively used by DM patients for therapeutic purpose. Key words: Alloxan- induced diabetes, Sperm Abnormalities, Histopathological Changes of testis and epididymis, rats

Cytogenetic Effects of Benzene on Human Blood Cells

The study aims to investigate the cytogenetic effect of benzene on human blood cells in vitro using chromosomes abnormalities and mitotic index test. Different concentrations of benzene were added to human blood culture at 24 hour, then cells were arrested at metaphase to detect chromosomes malformations and its proliferation, the result show that benzene causes increased in mitotic index level and different aberrations in chromosomes which increased with benzene concentrations. Keywords: Benzene, Chromosomes abnormalities, Mitotic index

Protective Activity of Glycyrrihzaglabra against Histopathological Changes in White Albino Rats

The study was aimsto evaluation the protective activity of methanol-water extract of Glycyrrihzaglabraroot (GL) against histopathological changes induced by cyclophosphamide in white albino rats. Multiple doses for drug and extract were used to investigate the accumulation effect of drug and extract onliver and kidney. Results show that drug causes different harmful changes in rat organs in all doses concentrations used in study and extract have protective activity to prevent changes in tissue in 1000, 750 and 250 mg \kg , but dose 500 was failure to protect liver and lowest effect on kidney. Conclusion of present study is Glycyrrihzaglabrauseful for protective body organs against side effect of drugs and harmful effect of oxidative stress. Keywords: Glycyrrihzaglabra  ,cyclophosphamide, liver, kidney

Different Factors Effects In Lactating Mother's Milk Compositions

This study was carried to estimate the effects of different factors on the total protein and lipid concentrations in lactating mother's milk, such as; home, age, body mass index, lactating stage and negative smoking habitat. Total Protein concentration and lipid concentration were estimated using Bradford method and Gravimetric method respectively. Results showed that lipid concentration(L.C) increased with age,  BMI, lactation stage, and affected by  negative smoking and increased in rural,  while protein concentration (P.C)was less effected by age, and decreased in obese and in negative smoking mothers, also it decreased in urban mothers. Protein profile showed slight differences between nonsmoking and negative smoking milk using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Key words: negative smoking, BMI, lactating mother’s milk.

Total and differential leukocytes count in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Iraq

To find the correlation between total and differential leukocytes count and the presence of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients. The results show significant positive correlation between total leukocytes count and microalbuminuria in males and females also there is significant positive correlation between neutrophils count and microalbuminuria in males and females but there is no correlation with other types of leukocytes

The Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Al-Husain Hospital in Karbala Province- Iraq

This study is performed to assessment of the long term glycaemic hemoglobin (HbA1c) to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria and to find the risk factors for developing microalbuminuria and consequence nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of microalbuminuria in our study is high (59%) and the percent of and the risk factors that accompanied microalbuminuria are high blood pressure, elevated fasting blood glucose and poor glycemic Diabetes mellitus (D.M.) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia poor glycemic control also high  (92.3%) with control

Determination Some Minerals in Cancer Tissue

Study was amid to detect sometrace elements in human tumor tissue, Manganese, cobalt, cadmium and Zink was measured in cancer and benign  tissue using atomic absorption ,  result show that cancer tissue have higher concentration of cobalt and Zink than  benign tissue,  it were 156.7±6.5 and 205.79 µg\g respectively.femaleshad higher concentrations  than males in cancer 2011.41±439.79, 114..54±0.05, 157.05±6.50 206.58±20.93 µg\gin Mn, Cd , Co and Zn respectively also in benign tissue Female 2373.37±703.56, 114.56±0.06, 154.50±29.4, 204.65±28.23 µg\g in the same minerals above. Keywords: trace elements, atomic absorption, tumors tissue