Effects of Biochanin A on Resistin, Adiponectin and some stress oxidative markers in normal and STZ- Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Elevated serum level of adiponectin and insulin and decreased serum resistin can improve glucose metabolism. Biochanin A (BCA) is a flavonoid of Soybean that shows antioxidant properties. This study was aimed to examine the effect of BCA on FBS, oxidative stress and serum levels of adiponectin, resistin and insulin in rats with type 1 diabetes.Material and method: The rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6). BCA was administered orally in doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg of body weight. Insulin, resistin and adiponectin were measured using ELISA kits. The activity of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the levels of Glutathione (GSH) were examined.Results: The results showed that BCA treatment significantly reduced the FBS level in diabetic rats (p<0.05). Serum insulin was significantly increased in the BCA treated diabetic rats (p<0.05). Moreover, GGT activity and GSH was significantly increased in treated rats (p<0.05). Our findings revealed that the administration of BCA significantly increased the serum adiponectin (p<0.05). Additionally, serum resistin levels were remarkably decreased in treated rats (p<0.05).Conclusion: Taken together, BCA represents a natural phytoestrogen that has an important role in improvement of glucose metabolism by regulating of adipokines secretion; also our findings revealed the beneficial effects of BCA against oxidative stress in diabete

Comparison of Serum Nesfatin-1 Level in Type 1 and 2 Diabetic Rats

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus was induced, when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin (diabetes type 1) or is unable to use insulin properly (diabetes type 2). In this study, we compare serum nesfatin-1 level in type 1 and 2 diabetic male rats. Materials and Methods: 18 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: control, diabetes type 1, and diabetes type2. Diabetes type 1 was induced by a single injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) and diabetes type 2 was induced by STZ (60 mg/kg) and NA (110 mg/kg). Weight, FBG (fasting blood glucose), insulin, nesfatin-1were measured in all groups after 6 weeks. Results: Nesfatin-1 levels were increased in diabetic rats compared to the control. Its level in serum was significantly higher in type 2 compared to type 1 diabetic rats. Serum insulin and body weight were reduced significantly in diabetic rats compared to control. Body weight was lower significantly in type 1 than type 2 diabetic rats. FBG was increased significantly in diabetic rats compared to control and it was higher in type 2 compered to type 1 diabetic rats significantly. Conclusion: The results indicated that nesfatin-1 level in serum of type 2 diabetic rats was higher than type 1, probably because of higher weight and less destruction of beta cells in type 2 diabetic rats

Impact of Mulberry Leaf Extract and Mulberry Leaf Powder on Serum Nesfatin-1 Level in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Background & Objective: In traditional medicine, leaves of white mulberry (Morus alba L.) are used as antidiabetic agents. Considering the presence of flavonoids, this plant exhibits insulin mimetic activities. Nesfatin-1 is described as an anorexigenic regulatory peptide, which can influence glucose metabolism via insulin sensitivity enhancement. This study examined the effects of both mulberry leaf powder and extract (MLP and MLE) on fasting blood glucose (FBG), nesfatin-1, and insulin in diabetic Wistar rats. Materials & Methods: Five groups of rats (n, 40) were included and examined in this study. A group was selected as the healthy control (I), while the other groups received streptozotocin and nicotinamide (55 and 110 mg/kg bw, respectively) for diabetes induction. Diabetic rats were then grouped as follows: control group (II); sham group (receiving ethanol) (III); treatment group receiving 600 mg/kg/day of MLE (IV); and treatment group receiving 25% MLP (V). After 6 weeks, we measured insulin, nesfatin-1, and FBG in the groups.  Results: The FBG level decreased in the treatment groups, while serum insulin increased in comparison with the diabetic controls. In addition, serum level of nesfatin-1 improved significantly (to an almost normal level) in MLP rats in comparison with the diabetic controls. (pvalue0.05) Conclusion: Considering the reduction in insulin level and the rise in blood glucose, the diabetic control group showed an increase in serum nesfatin-1 with a compensatory mechanism, while hyperglycemia improved in the MLE and MLP groups, and the level of nesfatin-1 reduced. MLP showed greater efficacy than MLE in the improvement of nesfatin-1, which might be related to the presence of ethanol in MLE

A comparative study of the effects of two different treatment periods with estradiol in endometrial preparation on the pregnancy outcome of frozen embryos

Introduction: Currently, there is disagreement regarding the duration of treatment with estradiol in the cycle of frozen embryo transfer and its effect on pregnancy outcomes. The present study was performed with aim to compare the duration of treatment with estradiol in the endometrial preparation in the freezing embryo transfer cycle and its effect on pregnancy outcomes in infertile women. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial study was performed in 2021 on 140 infertile women candidate for assisted reproductive technology by frozen embryo transfer. The subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: intervention (estradiol recipient, for 8 days) and control (recipient of estradiol as usual, 13 days). In the intervention group, progesterone was started from the eighth day of estradiol intake and in the control group from the thirteenth day of estradiol intake. In both groups, estradiol and progesterone levels were measured the day before progesterone onset and then the embryos were transferred in the morula or blastocyst stage. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software (version 26) and chi-square and t-test.  P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the intervention and control groups, the mean serum level of estradiol during embryo transfer was 285.7 ±287.1 and 443.5 ±354.3 (P = 0.028), the mean endometrial thickness at the time of progesterone onset was 9.3 ±1.4 and 8.8 ±0.9 mm (P = 0.008), frequency of chemical pregnancy occurrence was 31.4% and 17.1% (OR = 1.1, P = 0.049) and frequency of clinical pregnancy was 27.1% and 17.1% (OR = 1.4, P = 0.154) respectively. Conclusions: In infertile women treated with IVF assisted reproductive technology, shorter duration of treatment with estradiol in endometrial preparation and frozen embryo transfer cycle are associated with better pregnancy outcomes

An Investigation of the Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorder Complaints among the Employees of the Administrative Section of the Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran, in 2015

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are the main cause of loss of work time, increases in costs, and human injuries. Therefore, the investigation of the prevalence of these disorders among administrative employees needs to receive attention, given the long hours they work with computers and the way they sit at their desks. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the administrative employees of the Lorestan University of Medical Sciences working in Khorramabad, Iran. In addition to collecting the personal characteristics and demographic data of the participants, questions were asked about the meantime of using computers during the day, and the standard Nordic questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the employees. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of each of the study variables. To analyze the relationships among the variables, the chi-squared test was used. All analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21. Results: The results of the study showed that the parts of the body most affected by the symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders were the upper back (60%), neck (59.4%), shoulders (50%), knees (49.4%), low back (47.1%), and wrist (42.4%) in order of prevalence. There were significant relationships between work experience with the prevalence of the symptoms in the shoulders, knees, thighs, ankles, and neck in the studied participants (p<0.05). However, no significant relationships were found in the areas of elbows, wrists, low back, and upper back. There was a significant relationship between the age of the employees and the occurrence of disorders in the elbows (p<0.05), such that the prevalence of disorders in this area increases with age, while increases in disorders in other areas of the body were not observed with age. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, musculoskeletal disorders are very frequently observed among administrative employees. In this regard, the implementation of ergonomic interventional programs in the work environment seems crucial. Some of the components of such a program can include training the users of computers regarding the ergonomic principles of working with computers, designing better workstations, and work shifts. &nbsp

Antioxidant Effects of Biochanin A in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

ABSTRACT Bioflavonoid-containing diets have been reported to be beneficial in diabetes. In the current study, the effect of Biochanin A (BCA) on blood glucose, antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress markers in diabetic rats were investigated. 30 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Two of them were selected as control; group1: control (receiving 0.5%DMSO), and group2: Control+BCA (receiving 10 mg/kg.bw BCA). Diabetes was induced in other rats with injection of (55 mg/kg.bw) streptozotocin; group3: diabetic control (receiving 0.5%DMSO), groups 4 and 5 were treated with 10 and 15 mg/kg.bw BCA respectively. After 6 weeks the following results were obtained. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased and body weight, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) significantly decreased in diabetic rats as compared to control rats. Oral administration of BCA in 10 and 15 mg/kg.bw, FBG, TG, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C were decreased significantly in all treated rats. MDA was decreased in all treated rats but it was significant just in 15 mg/kg.bw BCA. HDL, CAT, SOD, and TAS were significantly increased in treated group with 15 mg/kg.bw. The obtained results indicated hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of BCA. Also BCA reduced oxidative stress in diabetic rats

Prevalence of Stylohyoid Ligament Calcification on Panoramic Radiographs in an Iranian Population

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of stylohyoid ligament complex elongation in a group of Iranian patients using digital panoramic radiographs. Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 1211 patients (684 females and 527 males) referred to the dental school of Hamadan university of medical science were selected from 2011 to 2013. The stylohyoid ligament complexes were investigated. Results: This abnormality was seen in both sexes. A calcified complex was found in 632 (52.2 %) of the patients. Both-sided (right and left) type 1 calcified complex (according to O’Carroll classification) was observed in 207 patients, while types 2–4 were found in 204, 112, and 109 patients, respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that stylohyoid ligament calcification complex is frequent in Iranian population and present in both sexes with equal distribution. In addition, calcifications were seen more often at age of 20-40 years, and the extent of calcification did not show a tendency to increase with age