Effects of Temperature and Duration of Anorthite Synthesis from Mixtures of Kaolin and Calcite

In this research, the effects of temperature and duration of anorthite synthesis were examined by DTA, TGA, XRD, SEM and EDS analysis. Anorthite was synthesized with mixtures of kaolin and calcite powders with a weight ratio of 7 to 3, at three different temperatures of 1000, 1200 and 1400 °C, and three different synthesis times of 30, 180 and 300 min. Different phases in the raw materials mixture were formed during synthesis. These phases were investigated thoroughly to determine the role of time and temperature in their formation. Results proved that synthesis at 3 h and 1200 °C was suitable for the reactions of anorthite formation

Novel Synthesis of Nano Mg(OH)₂ by Means of Hydrothermal Method with Different Surfactants

Magnesium hydroxide (MOH) is a widely used inorganic chemical owing to its various properties. Hence, researchers have long studied its synthesis and its unique features. However, the morphological consequences have rarely been studied. Despite having several benefits for synthesizing nanoparticles, the hydrothermal method’s main drawbacks are its lengthy processing time and the high cost of raw materials. This research aimed to use more easily obtainable raw materials in a reasonably short time to synthesize MOH in various morphologies. For this purpose, we prepared different samples using the same hydrothermal method to investigate the effects of the precursor and surfactant on the structure, morphology, and size of MOH particles. The results of XRD and FTIR analysis demonstrated that a temperature of 180 °C and a duration of 18 h is not sufficient for MgO as a precursor to obtaining MOH in the hydrothermal method. However, in the presence of different surfactants, MgCl2 resulted in nanoparticles with hexagonal structure and plate, flake, spherical, and disc morphologies

Surface Modification of Polyurethane Nano Coatings: Effect of Different Morphology of Mg(OH)2 Nanoparticles on Hydrophobicity

Researchers have always been interested in magnesium hydroxide along with its potential to be synthesized in a variety of morphologies and distinctive fire-retardant features. The hydrothermal method is one of the most effective techniques to synthesize nanoparticles with controlled size and shape, as well as high purity. In this study, the hydrothermal method was used to synthesize four distinct morphologies of MH, such as plate, flake, spherical, and disk, functionalized with APTES from magnesium chloride and sodium hydroxide raw materials. The influence of each morphology on surface roughness and hydrophobicity of Polyurethanes nanocomposite was then investigated using different analyses such as XRD, SEM, AFM, and contact angle. The observations demonstrated that the presence of nanoparticles with different morphologies would lead to different surface topography. Thanks to the surface roughness, extremely high water contact angles were obtained showing the super hydrophobic behavior of the developed nanocoatings

Efficient and environmentally friendly techniques for extracting lignin from lignocellulose biomass and subsequent uses: A review

The development of sustainable and effective methods for extracting lignin is crucial for achieving the advantages and promoting the shift towards a more sustainable and circular bioeconomy. This study addresses the use of environmentally friendly processes, including organosolv technique, supercritical fluid (SCF), non-thermal plasma (NTP), ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) techniques for lignin extraction. Organosolv treatment offers high selectivity and purity of lignin make this process economically feasible. Using supercritical water, carbon dioxide, or ethanol to extract lignin without harmful solvents is successful and customizable. NTP technologies break down lignin, simplifying processing and increasing its value. Whereas ILs may boost lignin synthesis and change its properties via solvent design. DES-based extraction methods can efficiently and specifically extract lignin. The rapid and effective MAE method employs microwave radiation to reduce extraction times and boost yields for lignin extraction. These methods feature high selectivity, little environmental impact, and the capacity to target lignin fractions. The study describes the fundamentals, benefits, and drawbacks of each extraction process, focusing on their ability to extract lignin on a large scale and its future usage. Additionally, this review explores the most recent advancements in the application sector, as well as the challenges and potential advantages of valorizing streams derived from extraction, thereby fostering the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions. This research concludes that to overcome future challenges, need to address scale concerns, cost, emissions, and efficient lignin use

Fish collagen derived bioink for extrusion 3D printing

Three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing has revolutionized the creation of functional tissues and organ substitutes, surpassing conventional 3D scaffold fabrication1. This method uses computer-aided design to layer living and non-living materials precisely, making it ideal for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, pharmacokinetics, and biological research2. Bioinks, essential for 3D bio-printing, embed cells within scaffolds and must protect them during printing while supporting their growth and differentiation3. Hydrogels, particularly natural polymers like collagen, gelatin, alginate, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, dextran, and fibrin, are commonly used for their biocompatibility and ability to support cell proliferation4. Collagen, the most abundant extracellular matrix protein, is crucial for tissue integrity and cell function5. Type-I collagen derived from land animals is the most commonly used but several drawbacks limited its use6. Fish collagen offers a safer alternative, mitigating concerns related to prion transmission, religious restrictions, and allergies associated with mammalian collagen sources7. However, its rapid degradation and poor mechanical strength are limitations to overcome. In this study, a fish collagen bioink developed by Typeone Biomaterials S.r.l. according to a proprietary process has been studied for evaluating its printability by extrusion for the development of micropatterned 3D scaffolds. In order to improve the bioink mechanical strength and stability during time, the UV crosslinking of the bioink has been investigated and optimised in terms of time and UV intensity. The thermal stability, rheological and viscoelastic properties and morphology of simple 3D printed constructs have been studied and correlated with printability properties. Finally, several scaffolds have been 3D printed and UV cross-linked