A Survey on Level of Students’ Familiarity with Studying Methods in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) in 2010

Introduction: Nowadays, efficient studying is considered as an important element in social development and progress through which the public and epecially university students gain a lot. Therefore, studying methods and skills should be considered in all educational levels ,especially higher education.The purpose of this research is to determine the level of students’ familiarity with studying methods in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) in 2010. Methods: This is an applied survey research in which the data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire. Its validity and reliability were confirmed by library and information sciences specialists and cronbach's alpha (r=0.813) respectively. Statistical population consisted of all students in Isfahan University of Medical Scinces (5999 cases) and the samples were 357. Sampling method was random stratified sampling.Data were analyzed by descriptive (frequency destribution, mean…) and inferential (T-test, ANOVA) statistics through SPSS software. Results:The findings showed that the mean level score of students familiarity in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences with survey reading and speed reading were 15.78 and 15.7 respectively ( higher than average ,mean average = 15). Familiarity level of students with phrase reading with mean 13.29 was higher than average (mean average = 12). Familiarity level of students with close reading was 29.6 that was higher than average (mean average = 27). Familiarity level of students with inquiry reading was 15.52 , higher than average (mean average = 15). Also, familiarity level of students with critical reading and reading for aesthetic appraisal were 20.94 and 21.68 respectivley, higher than average (mean average = 18). Comparison between students ‘gender and the rate of familiarity with studying methods showed no significant difference. Also, familiarity level of students with studying methods was not the same in different colleges. Conclusion: The results showed that students’ familiarity levels with studying methods (survey reading , speed reading, phrase reading ,close reading, inquiry reading,critical reading ,reading for aesthetic appraisal) were higher than average in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Students were also more familiar with method of reading for aesthetic appraisal and less with speed reading. Generally, all students and education practitioners should pay special attention to various studying methods and their various application

Managing the security of nursing data in the electronic health record

Background: The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a patient care information resource for clinicians and nursing documentation is an essential part of comprehensive patient care. Ensuring privacy and the security of health information is a key component to building the trust required to realize the potential benefits of electronic health information exchange. This study was aimed to manage nursing data security in the EHR and also discover the viewpoints of hospital information system vendors (computer companies) and hospital information technology specialists about nursing data security. Methods: This research is a cross sectional analytic-descriptive study. The study populations were IT experts at the academic hospitals and computer companies of Tehran city in Iran. Data was collected by a self-developed questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using the experts' opinions and Cronbach's alpha coefficient respectively. Data was analyzed through Spss Version 18 and by descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: The findings of the study revealed that user name and password were the most important methods to authenticate the nurses, with mean percent of 95% and 80%, respectively, and also the most significant level of information security protection were assigned to administrative and logical controls. There was no significant difference between opinions of both groups studied about the levels of information security protection and security requirements (p>0.05). Moreover the access to servers by authorized people, periodic security update, and the application of authentication and authorization were defined as the most basic security requirements from the viewpoint of more than 88 percent of recently-mentioned participants. Conclusions: Computer companies as system designers and hospitals information technology specialists as systems users and stakeholders present many important views about security requirements for EHR systems and nursing electronic documentation systems. Prioritizing of these requirements helps policy makers to decide what to do when planning for EHR implementation. Therefore, to make appropriate security decisions and to achieve the expected level of protection of the electronic nursing information, it is suggested to consider the priorities of both groups of experts about security principles and also discuss the issues seem to be different between two groups of participants in the research

Recovery scenario and immunity in COVID-19 disease: A new strategy to predict the potential of reinfection

Background: The recent ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), still is an unsolved problem with a growing rate of infected cases and mortality worldwide. The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is targeting the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and mostly causes a respiratory illness. Although acquired and resistance immunity is one of the most important aspects of alleviating the trend of the current pandemic; however, there is still a big gap of knowledge regarding the infection process, immunopathogenesis, recovery, and reinfection. Aim of Review: To answer the questions regarding “the potential and probability of reinfection in COVID-19 infected cases” or “the efficiency and duration of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immunity against reinfection” we critically evaluated the current reports on SARS-CoV-2 immunity and reinfection with special emphasis on comparative studies using animal models that generalize their finding about protection and reinfection. Also, the contribution of humoral immunity in the process of COVID-19 recovery and the role of ACE2 in virus infectivity and pathogenesis has been discussed. Furthermore, innate and cellular immunity and inflammatory responses in the disease and recovery conditions are reviewed and an overall outline of immunologic aspects of COVID-19 progression and recovery in three different stages are presented. Finally, we categorized the infected cases into four different groups based on the acquired immunity and the potential for reinfection. Key Scientific Concepts of Review: In this review paper, we proposed a new strategy to predict the potential of reinfection in each identified category. This classification may help to distribute resources more meticulously to determine: who needs to be serologically tested for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, what percentage of the population is immune to the virus, and who needs to be vaccinated