Socio-Educational Inoculation Program with Islamic Teachings Approach: Comparing the Effectiveness and Sustainability with the Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) on Risk taking students

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and sustainability socio-educational inoculation program with Islamic teachings approach with the Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) on risk taking students. The research of method was experimental method by the design of pretest-posttest with two experimental groups and the control group. The sample was 54 students with risky behavior selected by random cluster sampling. The scale of measuring was risky behaviors (Zadeh Mohammadi et al.). The results of analysis of covariance indicated a meaningful decrease in mean risk taking scores for both groups, and Toki test results indicated a significant difference between two groups. Also, the paired T test indicated that the effect of education of Socio-Educational inoculation program with Islamic teachings approach is stable for six months. This sustainability was not established the Stress Inoculation Training. Findings indicate that that can be considered both the Socio-Educational inoculation program with Islamic teachings approach and the Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) as options for reducing Risk taking students, but was more effective sustainability in the Socio- Educational inoculation program with Islamic teachings approach

Evaluation of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Effect on Microshear Bond Strength of a Self-Adhesive Flowable Composite in the Dentin of Permanent Molar: An In Vitro Study

Aim and Background. Recently, new restorative materials such as self-adhesive flowable composites, because of their simple use and no need to bonding and etching, are considered important, particularly in pediatric dentistry. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on microshear bond strength of self-adhesive flowable composite on permanent teeth dentin in vitro. Material and Methods. In this experimental study, 40 dentin sections were prepared from healthy third molars and divided into two groups according to their surface preparation by Er,Cr:YSGG laser or without laser, only with silicon carbide paper. In each group, two groups of 10 teeth were treated with self-adhesive flowable composite (Dyad) and conventional flowable composite (acid etch and bonding). Samples were stored in normal saline and after 48 hours their bond strength was measured. The failure mode of samples was observed on stereomicroscope. In order to analyse the results, the one way ANOVA and Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons were used. Result. The maximum bond strength was related to conventional flowable composite with laser preparation group (24/21 Mpa). The lowest one was seen in Dyad composite without laser emitting (9/89 Mpa). The statistical difference between this two groups was significant (P value = 0/0038). The microshear bond strength differences between Dyad composite groups with laser preparation (mean = 16/427±1/79) and without laser preparation (mean = 12/85±1/90) were statistically significant too (P value = 0/01). Conclusion. Self-adhesive flowable composite has lower microshear bond strength than conventional flowable composite. Moreover, the laser irradiation as a surface treatment can improve this bond strength

Relationship of Salivary Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Concentrations with Early Childhood Caries

Background and aims. Lysozyme and lactoferrin are salivary proteins which play an important role in innate defense mechanisms against bacteria. This study investigated the association of salivary lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations with early childhood caries (ECC). Materials and methods. This study was carried out on 42 healthy children (age range, 36 to 71 months), of whom 21 were caries free (CF) and 21 had ECC. Disposable needle-less syringes were used to collect unstimulated saliva from buccal and labial vestibules. Fifteen children who had ECC were treated completely and their saliva was collected in the same way for the second time, three months after treatment. Lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations were measured and recorded by the ELISA method. The intergroup comparisons were carried out using chi-square, Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon signed ranked test. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results. The mean concentration of lysozyme was significantly higher in CF group compared with that of ECC group (P = 0.04). Although the mean concentration of lactoferrin in ECC group was higher in comparison with ECC group, the differ-ence was not statistically significant (P = 0.06). After dental treatment, the mean concentrations of lysozyme and lactoferrin did not change in comparison with their concentrations before treatment. Conclusion. ECC may have a relationship with lower concentrations of unstimulated salivary lactoferrin and lysozyme and reduced amounts of these two salivary proteins may be a risk factor for dental caries in children