Development Of a Probe Consist of Three Cosmids to Enumerate theChromosome 13 On Uncultured Lymphocytes Or Amniocytes Using Interphase FISH

Background: To produce a reliable probe suitable for aneuploidy detection of chromosome 13 on uncultured lymphocytes and amniocytes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we used a contig of three overlapping cosmids mapped to 13q12.3. Methods: The cosmid DNA carrying the expected sequences of human chromosome 13 was isolated from host cells and labelled with biotin-11-dUTP. The hybridization and detection conditions with FITC-Avidin were optimised using a series of cultured and uncultured lymphocytes and amniocytes. Results: Intensive signals were detected when a combination of three overlapping cosmids was used to enumerate the chromosome 13 on interphase nuclei. An average of 87 and 85.5 percent of interphase cells prepared from lymphocytes and amniocytes showed accurate number of specific signals for chromosome 13. Conclusion: The results obtained in present study indicate that the probe was capable of detecting the copy number of chromosome 13 on interphase cells prepared from peripheral blood or amniotic fluid cells providing that the uncultured amniotic fluid cells are free of cytoplasmic residues, RNA and protein debris

Comparison of fetal middle cerebral arteries, umbilical and uterin artery color Doppler ultrasound with blood gas analysis in pregnancy complicated by IUGR

Background: Fetal color Doppler is important for evaluation of hypoxia in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) fetus. Objective: In this study we compare fetal and maternal color Doppler with blood gas analysis to detect fetal acidosis. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study we evaluated 100 hospitalized patients with IUGR for comparison of color Doppler results with arterial blood gas analysis. Results of Doppler sonography of fetus middle cerebral arteries, umbilical and uterine artery and umbilical artery ABG were studied in these neonates. Results: Mean maternal age was 28±7 years, mean gestational age was 31.79±2.59 weeks and mean growth restriction was 3±2 weeks. Resistance increasing was observed in right uterine arteries of 37 mothers. It was normal in 60 mothers. Resistance increasing was observed in left uterine arteries of 36 mothers and nuch was seen in four cases. PCO2, PO2, and pH mean were 48.41±9.50 mmHg, 26.00±12.34 mmHg, and 7.28±0.10 in the neonates respectively. Conclusion: In this study abnormal color Doppler in IUGR fetuses have no significant correlation with umbilical cord blood gas

Service Quality of Delivered Care from the Perception of Women with Caesarean Section and Normal Delivery

Background: Our aim was to determine the service quality of delivered care for people with Caesarean Section and Normal Delivery. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 people who had caesarean section and normal delivery in Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital in Tabriz, north western Iran. Service quality was calculated using: Service Quality = 10 – (Importance × Performance) based on importance and performance of service quality aspects from the postpartum women‟s perspective.A hierarchical regression analysis was applied in two steps using the enter method to examine the associations between demographics and SQ scores. Data were analysed using the SPSS-17 software. Results: “Confidentiality”, “autonomy”, “choice of care provider” and “communication” achieved scores at the highest level of quality; and “support group”, “prompt attention”, “prevention and early detection”, “continuity of care”, “dignity”, “safety”, “accessibility and “basic amenities” got service quality score less than eight. Statistically significant relationship was found between service quality score and continuity of care (P=0.008). Conclusion: A notable gap between the participants‟ expectations and what they have actually received in most aspects of provided care. So, there is an opportunityto improve the quality of delivered care

Predictors of traumatic birth experience among a group of Iranian primipara women: a cross sectional study

Background Traumatic birth experience has undesirable effects on the life of the mother, child, family, and society. The identification of predictive factors can be useful in improving birth experiences among women. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of a traumatic birth experience and identify its predictors among a group primiparous women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 64 health centres in Tabriz, the second largest city in Iran. Cluster sampling was used to recruit 800 eligible women at one to 4 months postpartum. The Persian version of the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire was used to measure the womens’ birth experiences. Data were collected through face to face interviews and analysed mainly by multivariable logistic regression. Results The prevalence of traumatic birth experience was 37% in the study group. The independent predictors of the traumatic birth experience were related to antenatal and intrapartum factors. The antenatal predictor was the lack of exercise during pregnancy (OR = 2.81, CI 1.40–5.63, P = .003) and the intrapartum predictors were the absence of pain relief during labour and birth (OR = 4.24, CI 2.12–8.50, P \u3c .001), and the fear of childbirth (OR = 3.47, CI 1.68–7.19, P \u3c .001). Conclusions The findings revealed the high rate of traumatic birth experience among the primimarous women and identified the importance of a woman-centered care where a woman can actively make decision about the care she receives receive during labour and birth

Developing of a new guideline for improving birth experiences among Iranian women: a mixed method study protocol

BACKGROUND: The childbirth experience has significant effects on the life of the mother and family. However, there are no Iranian studies which evaluate and measure women\u27s childbirth experiences to provide accurate data on this important matter. The aim of this study is to develop a new guideline to improve women\u27s childbirth experiences by meeting their needs and expectations. METHODS/DESIGN: The present study will use the mixed method with the explanatory sequential approach. Phase one is a cross-sectional survey with random cluster sampling of the health centers in Tabriz. Eight hundred primiparous women will be selected to measure their childbirth experiences and predictors factors. Phase two is a qualitative study to explore women\u27s perceptions of the aspects and determinants of the childbirth experience. Phase two participants will be selected using purposive sampling from the women who participated in phase one. Phase three involves developing a new guideline to improve women\u27s childbirth experiences. The new guideline will be developed based on the following elements: a) the results of the qualitative and quantitative data from phase one and two, b) a review of the related literature, and c) expert opinions that have been collected using the Delphi technique. DISCUSSION: By exploring women\u27s childbirth experiences and the influencing factors, a culturally sensitive evidence-based guideline can be developed. The provision of the evidence-based guideline resulting from this study might be effective in improving the quality care of the services for pregnant women. ETHICAL CODE: IR.TBZMED.REC.1396.786

Validation of the Iranian version of the childbirth experience questionnaire 2.0

Background Assessing women’s childbirth experiences is a crucial indicator in maternity services because negative childbirth experiences are associated with maternal mortalities and morbidities. Due to the high caesarean birth rate in Iran, measuring childbirth experience is a top priority, however, there is no standard tool to measure this key indicator in Iran. The aim of present study is to adapt the “Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2.0” to the Iranian context and determine its psychometric characteristics. Methods Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2.0 was translated into Farsi. A total of 500 primiparous women, at 4 to 16 weeks postpartum, were randomly selected from 54 healthcare centres in Tabriz. Internal consistency and reliability was calculated using the Cronbach’s Coefficient alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, respectively. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and discriminant validity using the known-group method and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results The internal consistency and reliability for the total tool were high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93; Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.97). Explanatory factor analysis demonstrated the adequacy of the sampling (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin = 0.923) and significant factorable sphericity (p \u3c 0.001). Confirmation factor analysis demonstrated acceptable values of fitness (RMSEA = 0.07, SRMSEA = 0.06, TLI = 0.97, CFI \u3e 0.91, x 2/ df = 4.23). Discriminatory validity of the tool was confirmed where the CEQ score and its subdomains were significantly higher in women who reported having control over their childbirth than women who did not. Conclusion The Farsi version of the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2.0 tool is a valid and reliable tool and can be used to measure the childbirth experience in Iranian women

Study of awareness among pregnant women of the effects of drugs on the fetus and mother in Iran

Objective The aim of the study was to examine the awareness of Iranian pregnant women about the effects of drugs in pregnancy.Methods Awareness of 400 women in postnatal and prenatal wards was assessed using self-completion questionnaire, which included demographic information, medication use, and the level of information regarding the safety of drugs during pregnancy and the most susceptible periods in pregnancy.Results Out of 400 participants from prenatal and postnatal wards of two hospitals, 19.0% used medications other than vitamins and minerals supplements during pregnancy, and 7% believed in the safety of medications for mother and/or fetus during pregnancy. The first and second trimesters were believed to be the most and the least susceptible periods of pregnancy, respectively. Most information on drugs safety in pregnancy was obtained from physicians and health centers.Conclusions Present study indicates weaknesses in the awareness of this population and weak role of pharmacists in informing this vulnerable population. This study shows the requirement of training of this group of people in order to enhance the health of our community.Pregnancy Fetus Safety Medication

Skin-to-skin contact, early initiation of breastfeeding and childbirth experience in first time mothers: a cross sectional study

Enormous amounts of evidence exist regarding the positive effects of skin-to-skin contact on infant outcomes and maternal bonding. However, the effect of skin-to-skin contact and early initiation of breastfeeding on women\u27s childbirth experience is not well reported. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 800 primiparous mothers who had a vaginal childbirth in public or private hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. The study aimed to assess the relationship between skin-to-skin contact and initiation of breastfeeding within 1 h of childbirth. Based on the multivariable logistic regression test and controlling the effect of potential confounders, skin-to-skin contact [OR (95%CI): 1.53 (1.00-2.34); P = 0.046] and lactation in the first hour after childbirth [OR (95%CI): 1.46 (1.07-1.99); P = 0.014] were associated with a positive childbirth experience. It has been suggested that birth attendants pay attention to skin-to-skin contact of the mother and infant immediately after childbirth