WORK TOGETHER… WHEN APART CHALLENGES AND WHAT IS NEED FOR EFFECTIVE VIRTUAL TEAMS

Increasingly competitive global markets and accelerating technological changes have increased the need for people to contact via electronic medium to have daily updates, the people those who could not able to meet face to face every day. Those who contact via electronic medium i.e. Virtual Team, are having number of benefit but to achieve these potential benefits, however, leaders need to overcome liabilities inherent in the lack of direct contact among team members and managers. Team members may not naturally know how to interact effectively across space and time. By this paper author try to throw some lights on the challenges that virtual team faces and try to elaborate what is needed for Virtual Team

Improvement in mechanical properties of ijuk fiber composite by using silane treatment

The rising concern towards environmental issues besides the need for more versatile polymer-based materials has led to increased interest in studying polymer composites filled with natural-fibers, usually referred to as “green” composites. However, the bonds between polymeric materials are not strong enough by referring to mechanical properties and other additional properties due to incompatibility between the polymer matrix and natural fiber filler. Thhis study tries to improveme the mechanical properties of Ijuk (Arenga pinnata) fiber filled polypropylene composite by using silane treatment. Vinyltrimethoxy silane was used for this purpose. The ijuk fiber was immersed in the silane solution before mixing with polypropylene at 10wt%, 20wt%, and 30wt%. The samples were tensile tested and their water absorption behavior was test as well. As the result, the treatment helps increasing the mechanical properties of the green composite material and decreases the percentage of water absorptio

The effects of physiological biomechanical loading on intradiscal pressure and annulus Stress in lumbar spine: a finite element analysis

The present study was conducted to examine the effects of body weight on intradiscal pressure (IDP) and annulus stress of intervertebral discs at lumbar spine. Three-dimensional finite element model of osseoligamentous lumbar spine was developed subjected to follower load of 500 N, 800 N, and 1200 N which represent the loads for individuals who are normal and overweight with the pure moments at 7.5 Nm in flexion and extension motions. It was observed that the maximum IDP was 1.26 MPa at L1-L2 vertebral segment. However, the highest increment of IDP was found at L4-L5 segment where the IDP was increased to 30% in flexion and it was more severe at extension motion reaching to 80%. Furthermore, the maximum annulus stress also occurred at the L1-L2 segment with 3.9 MPa in extension motion. However, the highest increment was also found at L4-L5 where the annulus stress increased to 17% in extension motion. Based on these results, the increase of physiological loading could be an important factor to the increment of intradiscal pressure and annulus fibrosis stress at all intervertebral discs at the lumbar spine which may lead to early intervertebral disc damage