Macroeconomic Determinants of Inflation: Evidence from the Republic of Guinea

This paper examines the macroeconomic determinants of inflation in Guinea, for the period between 1990-2015 using co-integration analyses. The main purpose of the research is to investigate whether money supply, gross domestic per capita and exchange rate have a significant impact on inflation during the period under consideration. The stationary properties of all the variables were checked and established. All the variables were found to be integrated at first difference. Johansen co-integration approach showed that there is both long and short-term relationship between the variables. The study shows that in the long-term, when money supply increases by 1% inflation also rise by 0.18%, the exchange rate has a positive effect on inflation. 1% increase in the exchange rate will also cause inflation to increase by 0.007%. However, GDP per capita influenced inflation negatively; as a result, 1% increase in GDP per capita will cause inflation to decline by 0.08%. Keywords: Guinea, Inflation, Economy growth, and Cointegratio

How Renewable Energy Consumption Contribute to Environmental Quality? The Role of Education in OECD Countries

Designing a comprehensive policy framework for ascertaining sustainable development is a problem faced by most of the countries around the globe, and the developed nations are no exception to that. Environmental awareness-oriented policy design for achieving sustainable development goals is a challenge for the developed nations, and there lies the contribution of this study. This study analyzes the impact of renewable energy on carbon emissions, in presence of education, natural resource abundance, foreign direct investment, and economic growth for the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries over the period of 1990-2015. Second generation methodologies are adapted for the empirical estimation. The results show the stimulating role of renewable energy consumption in shaping environmental quality. Education declines carbon emissions. Natural resource abundance and foreign direct investment deteriorate environmental quality. Moreover, the time series individual country analysis also confirms that renewable energy has a positive impact on economic growth. The heterogeneous causality analysis reveals the feedback effect, i.e., bidirectional causal associations among carbon emissions, education, and renewable energy consumption. This empirical evidence suggests that countries should increase investment in education and renewable energy sectors and plan for research and development in renewable energy for ensuring environmental sustainability

¬¬¬¬¬¬From Nonrenewable to Renewable Energy and Its Impact on Economic Growth: Silver Line of Research & Development Expenditures in APEC Countries

This study disaggregates energy, i.e. non-renewable and renewable energy consumption, and investigates its effect on economic growth. The time period of 1990-2015 is used to examine Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) countries. This paper determines the cross-sectional dependence and employs a second-generation panel unit root test for precise estimation. The Pedroni and Westerlund cointegration tests are used to examine the long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables and confirm the presence of cointegration in the long run. The FMOLS and DOLS approaches are applied to investigate long-term output elasticities between the variables. The results show the stimulating role of energy (renewable and nonrenewable) consumption in economic growth. Research and development expenditures and trade openness have a positive effect on economic growth. Moreover, the time series individual country analysis also confirms that renewable energy has a positive impact on economic growth. The Granger causality analysis reveals the unidirectional causal relationship running from renewable energy consumption to economic growth and economic growth to non-renewable energy. This empirical evidence suggests that countries should increase investment in renewable energy sectors and plan for development in renewable energy for sustainable energy growth

Analyzing Global Inequality in Access to Energy: Developing Policy Framework by Inequality Decomposition

Energy poverty is a critical policymaking problem in the world, while the outlined solutions in academic and policy literature talks about the solutions, without addressing the possible cause of the problem. The interaction between labor and energy market might pave a way to address the issue. Within the context of energy poverty, this interaction might turn out to be a major roadblock in the way to attain the objectives of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). From this perspective, this study aims at analyzing the constituents of inequality in access to energy, and in that pursuit, it has employed Kaya-Theil Decomposition method. The study is carried out at the global level over the period of 1990-2019. The study outcomes demonstrate all the inequality components to be rising during the study period. Presence of a possible feedback loop in the association might create the Vicious Circle of Energy Poverty around the globe. This study contributes to the literature by addressing the demand-side dimension of the energy poverty issue, while using the Kaya-Theil Decomposition method as an estimator of demand-side factors. Based on the study outcomes, a policy framework has been recommended, and it is aimed at helping the nations to achieve the objectives of SDG 7, SDG 8, and SDG 10

Analyzing the association between Innovation, Economic Growth, and Environment: Divulging the Importance of FDI and Trade Openness in India

The objective of this paper is to explore the nexus of innovation-environment and economic growth in the context of the Indian economy. To achieve the study objective, we explored the role of technological innovation, FDI, trade openness, energy use and economic growth toward carbon emissions. Using the data of 1985-2017, the study employed ARDL bound testing and VECM methods to capture the effects of technological innovation, trade openness, FDI, energy use and economic growth on CO2 emissions. Empirical estimation has confirmed the existence of long-run cointegration. Similarly, in the long-run, it is found that trade openness, energy use and economic growth positively reinforce CO2 emissions. In contrast, technological innovation and FDI negatively reinforce CO2 emissions in the long-run. Further, VECM indicate that the relationship among innovation, trade openness, and energy use is bidirectional in the long-run. Whereas, unidirectional relation has been found that is coming from GDP to carbon emissions, FDI, innovation, trade, and energy use. In the short-run, unidirectional link found which is coming from FDI, innovation, and energy use to carbon emission. However, the association between emissions and trade openness is bidirectional. The conclusions put-forward policy implications that innovation is a way to reduce environmental degradation

Capital Flow and Environmental Quality at Crossroads: Designing a Sustainable Policy Framework for the Newly Industrialized Countries

It is extremely difficult for emerging economies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and in order to close this policy gap, a comprehensive policy framework is needed. The purpose of this research is to determine the proportional impacts of domestic and foreign capital to environmental degradation in newly industrialized nations (NICs). For this reason, panel data methodology is used to evaluate, for the years 1991 to 2018, how the ecological footprint is affected by stock market capitalization, foreign direct investment, economic growth, urbanization, and energy intensity. Using the squared terms of stock market capitalization and foreign direct investment, respectively, it is also looked at whether domestic and foreign capital may have non-linear effects on the environment. According to the empirical findings, whereas local capital growth worsens the environment, increasing international capital prevents environmental degradation. There is an inverted U-shaped link between domestic capital and environmental degradation in the event of non-linearity, but foreign capital has a monotonically declining effect on environmental degradation. Additionally, it has been discovered that while using more non-renewable energy causes more environmental deterioration, using more renewable energy improves the quality of the environment. The study outcomes are utilized to design a policy framework to address the objectives of SDG 7, SDG 11, and SDG 13

ICT and education as determinants of environmental quality: The role of financial development in selected Asian countries

Rising environmental concerns due to extensive energy consumption and carbon emission in the process of developing information communication and technology (ICT) cannot be overshadowed by its significant contribution in economic growth. This study is an attempt to explore long run influences of ICT and education on environmental quality. By incorporating the role of financial development, energy consumption and income into the function of carbon emissions, the results obtained by the continuously updated and fully modified (Cup-FM) test indicate that economic growth, education and energy consumption stimulates carbon emissions intensity in Asian countries (1990-2018). The second-generation unit root tests and Lagrange Multiplier (LM) bootstrap cointegration method investigate stationary properties and cointegration. Our findings suggest that investment in technology and financial markets require policymakers' attention as we have empirically established long-run inverse impacts of financial development and ICT on carbon emissions. Furthermore, the study suggests a focus on clean energy policy as the rising pollution levels due to fossil fuel hampers long-run productivity. This paper contributes to the existing literature by proposing that ICT-led economic policies may help solve environmental quality and economic growth issues

Impact of Energy Efficiency on CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries

Attaining higher level of the energy efficiency is being considered as a preferred and cost-effective policy option to achieve economic propensity, environmental sustainability and improved energy security in recent years. This drive to achieve higher energy efficiency levels is mainly motivated by higher international oil prices during last two decades, the concerns regarding energy supply security and rising CO2 emissions globally. In this background, this study decomposes energy intensity into structural and activity effects, and empirically examines their impact on CO2 emissions in environmental Kuznets curve framework for the developing economies. Second generation methodological approach is adopted. The decomposed indices reflect that energy efficiency has played a key role in decreasing energy intensity, while structural shifts have caused only a minor reduction in energy intensity. The findings suggest that energy efficiency improvements have largest influence on CO2 emissions mitigation. In developing countries as a whole, energy efficiency has positive while structural shifts have negative relation with CO2 emissions in long run. The findings presented that energy efficiency is major contributor of CO2 emissions reduction. While structural shifts in developing countries tend to increase CO2 emissions because these countries are moving towards the sectors that are producing more pollution. However, the income is one of the major contributors of CO2 emissions. While renewable energy consumption has negative and industrialization has positive impact on CO2 emissions in developing countries. The study outcomes are utilized to develop a policy framework for attaining the SDG 7 and SDG 13 in the chosen countries

A Robust Missing Data-Recovering Technique for Mobility Data Mining

Based on location information, users’ mobility profile building is the main task for making different useful systems such as early warning system, next destination and route prediction, tourist guide, mobile users’ behavior-aware applications, and potential friend recommendation. For mobility profile building, frequent trajectory patterns are required. The trajectory building is based on significant location extraction and the user’s actual movement prediction. Previous works have focused on significant places extraction without considering the change in GSM (global system for mobile communication) network and is based on complete data analysis. Since network operators change the GSM network periodically, there are possibilities of missing values and outliers. These missing values and outliers must be addressed to ensure actual mobility and for the efficient extraction of significant places, which are the basis for users’ trajectory building. In this paper, we propose a methodology to convert geo-coordinates into semantic tags and we also purposed a clustering methodology for recovering missing values and outlier detection. Experimental results prove the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed scheme

Exploring the duality of disruptive innovation: a technology-utility model analysis of market encroachment

Abstract This study explores and explains how duality enables disruptive innovation to encroach on the market and redefine its boundaries under constraints of consumer preferences, purchasing power, technological performance, and complementary technologies. The findings indicate (1) disruptive innovation introduces a new value dimension into the market and enhances the heterogeneity of consumers’ demand, which creates prerequisites for its market encroachment while avoiding competing directly with incumbent enterprises; (2) when considering purchasing power constraints, the disadvantage of disruptive innovation in the preexisting value dimension becomes a price advantage of encroaching on the low-end market; (3) under the constraint of complementary technologies, disruptive innovation can open up new markets that incumbent enterprises have not yet touched by virtue of its advantages in the new value dimension; (4) disruptive innovation does not rely on technological performance to encroach on the market, indicating technological performance is not a necessity for identifying disruptive innovations