Involved brain areas in processing of Persian classical music: an fMRI study

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the neurological process of the rhythm in Persian classical music by using fMRI. The test consists of two groups of no rhythmic and rhythmic pieces that has examined on 12 right-handed musicians. The result showed that no rhythmic Persian pieces activated right middle frontal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, left planum temporal and right superior temporal gyrus, and rhythmic pieces activated left frontal pole, left inferior frontal gyrus and left suramarginal. These results are based on the laterality and hierarchical models

The effects of music therapy on sensory motor functions of multiple handicapped People: Case study

AbstractMusic has been successful as a therapeutic intervention for persons with mental and physical disabilities. Motor and mental coordination can be improved through many musical experiences. A systematic process of music The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of musical activities on developing the sensory-motor functions of multiple handicapping. Two female multiple handicapped that suffered from severe mental retardation (IQ, 30), and severe sensory-motor function were selected randomly from Fatemeh-Al-Zahra centre in Yazd city of Iran. 3 pieces of classic music were used. Ten 1hour music therapy sessions were conducted with them during a 4week period. Nurses completed the pre- post Sensory Motor Questionnaire. The results emphasized the effect of music therapy on sensory motor reactions

Homayoun as a Persian Music Scale on Non-Musician’s Brain: an fMRI Study

Introduction: The aim of this study was to get to a neurological evaluation of one of the Persian music scales, Homayoun, on brain activation of non-musician subjects. We selected this scale because Homayoun is one of the main scales in Persian classical music which is similar to minor mode in western scales. Methods: This study was performed on 19 right handed subjects, Aging 22-31. Here some pieces from Homayoun Dastgah are used in both rhythmic and non-rhythmic. Result: The results of this study revealed the brain activities for each of rhythmic and non-rhythmic versions of Homayoun Dastgah. The activated regions for non-rhythmic Homayoun contained: right and left Subcallosal Cortex, left Medial Frontal cortex, left anterior Cingulate Gyrus, left Frontal Pole and for rhythmic Homayoun contained: left Precentral Gyrus, left Precuneous Cortex, left anterior Supramarginal, left Superior Parietal Lobule, left Postcentral Gyrus. Also, we acquired amygdala area in both pieces of music. Discussion: Based on arousal effects of rhythm and Damasio's somatic marker hypothesis, non-rhythmic Homayoun activates regions related to emotion and thinking while activity of rhythmic Homayoun is related to areas of movement and motion

Relationship between Sex Roles and Marital Instability: The Moderating Role of Orientation in the Sexual Relationship among Women

This study aimed to determine the relationship between sex roles and marital instability and the moderating role played by orientation in women’s sexual relationship. This correlational study is conducted on women living in Tehran. Additionally, 150 people were selected by convenience sampling from different parts of Tehran, who completed questionnaires on marital instability, sex roles and orientation in a sexual relationship. The results showed that orientation in a sexual relationship, except for communal orientation in the role of femininity in women, has a moderating role between sex roles and marital instability. In all cases, greater communal orientation in a sexual relationship reduces the instability of marriage in women. Also, a higher exchange orientation in a sexual relationship increases the instability of marriage in women. Additionally, greater demand in a sexual relationship, except when masculinity is high in women, heightens marital instability in women. In women with higher levels of communal exchange and demand orientation in a sexual relationship, increased sex roles (masculinity or femininity) reduce instability, and in women with lower levels of demand and exchange in sex, increased sex roles (masculinity or femininity) do not change the degree of marital instability. Based on this, the findings of this study can be used to monitor and increase the stability of marriage in Iranian society

Homayoun as a Persian Music Scale on Non-Musician’s Brain: an fMRI Study

The aim of this study was to get to a neurological evaluation of one of the Persian music scales, Homayoun, on brain activation of non-musician subjects. We selected this scale because Homayoun is one of the main scales in Persian classical music which is similar to minor mode in western scales. This study was performed on 19 right handed subjects, Aging 22-31. Here some pices from Homayoun Dastgah are used in both rhythmic and non- rhythmic. The results of this study revealed the brain activities for each of rhythmic and non-rhythmic versions of Homayoun Dastgah. The activated regions for non-rhythmic Homayoun contained: right and left Subcallosal Cortex, left Medial Frontal cortex, left anterior Cingulate Gyrus, left Frontal Pole and for rhythmic Homayoun contained: left Precentral Gyrus, left Precuneous Cortex, left anterior Supramarginal, left Superior Parietal Lobule, left Postcentral Gyrus. Also, we acquired amygdala area in both pieces of music. Based on arousal effects of rhythm and Damasio's somatic marker hypothesis, non-rhythmic Homayoun activates regions related to emotion and thinking while activity of rhythmic Homayoun is related to areas of movement and motion

Sport and Risk- Taking against Substance Abuse in students of Tehran High Schools

Substance abuse, violation and sexual behavior are the main reasons of fatality in adolescents and the youth. Most risky behaviors including cigarettes, alcohol, drugs and unsafe sexual contacts occur under the age of 18. Traditionally, sport is regarded as a means to encourage and develop healthy behaviors and a factor to protect and prevent risky behaviors. The present study studied 406 students including 271 male and 135 female students to compare the vulnerability of male and female athlete and non-athlete adolescents to risky behaviors such as smoking, drugs and alcohol. Iranian Adolescence Risk-Taking Scale (IARS) was used to measure the risk taking (Zadeh Mohammadi & Ahmadabadi, 2008). Those adolescents who have been a member of athletic teams had higher mean in subscale ‘drinking alcohol’. Those athletes who participated in provincial competitions and higher levels, those who engaged more than three sessions a week in sport teams and those athletes who attended sport camps had a higher mean. Also, there was no significant difference between individual and group sports. When explaining the higher levels of risk-taking in those who were members of athletic teams and clubs , factors such as duality, and the difficulty in playing the role of a student and an athlete simultaneously, camp condition, lack of sufficient control over members’ behaviors except when they are playing, peers’ collective norms, normative pressure to conform with various expectations of the team, lack of scientific attitude towards school athletic organizations in Iran, and concurrent influence of personality features like sensation and novelty sought in tendencies toward sport and risky behaviors can be taken into account