Ionic Liquids Applied to Improve the Dispersion of Coagent Particles in an Elastomer

The aim of this work was to study the activity of several ionic liquids (alkylimidazolium salts) that are used to improve the dispersion of coagent particles in peroxide-cross-linked hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene elastomer (HNBR). Hydrotalcite grafted with monoallyl maleate was applied as a coagent for the HNBR vulcanization. In this paper, we discuss the effect of the ionic liquids (alkylimidazolium salts) with respect to their anion (bromide, chloride, tetrafluoroborate, and hexafluorophosphate) and the length of alkyl chain in the cation (allyl-, ethyl-, butyl-, hexyl-, and octyl-) on the vulcanization kinetics of rubber compounds. The influence of ionic liquids on the cross-link density, the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates, and their resistance to weather ageing were also studied. Alkylimidazolium salts seem to improve the dispersion of the coagent particles and to be active in the cross-linking of HNBR with peroxide. The type of ionic liquid considerably influences the activity of the coagent particles toward the HNBR. The application of ionic liquids increases the cross-link density of the vulcanizates and improves their resistance to weather aging

Modified and unmodified zinc oxide as coagent in elastomer compounds

The aim of this work was to study the activity of unmodifi ed and modifi ed ZnO in the peroxide crosslinking of hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene elastomer (HNBR) and ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM). In the first step, zinc oxide was obtained by emulsion precipitation. Maleic acid was introduced onto the surface of ZnO using an in situ method. The unmodifi ed and modifi ed zinc oxide was characterized using dispersive and morphological analysis, BET surface area analysis, and elemental, spectroscopic and thermal analysis. In the second stage of the research, the ZnO/MA systems were incorporated into the structure of elastomer compounds improving the kinetic and mechanical properties of vulcanizates. The proposed modifi cation method had a favorable effect on the physicochemical properties of the zinc oxide and on the kinetic and mechanical properties of the vulcanizates. This study demonstrated that modifi cation of zinc oxide by maleic acid is a promising technique

Polymer based dyes

Tworzywa sztuczne, kosmetyki, leki, tekstylia zawierają liczne dodatki, mające na celu polepszenie ich właściwości użytkowych i zwiększenia ich funkcjonalności. Nowe metody wytwarzania substancji barwiących stały się jednym z ważniejszych kierunków rozwoju w technologii barwienia tworzyw sztucznych. W poniższym przeglądzie omówiono sposoby otrzymywania i możliwości aplikacyjne substancji barwiących otrzymanych przez modyfikację związków wielkocząsteczkowych barwnikami organicznymi.Plastics, cosmetics, medicines, textiles contain numerous additives aimed to improving their functional properties and increasing their functionality. New methods for producing coloring substances have become one of the major development trends in plastic dyeing technology. The review below discusses the methods of preparation and application possibilities of coloring substances obtained by modification of macromolecular compounds with organic dyes