Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in adolescents. What to choose for anesthesia?

The purpose - to optimize the quality of perioperative management of adolescents with damage of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. Material and methods: Perioperative methods of anesthesia in 71 patients were estimated. Psycho-emotional status was evaluated on the basis of determining the level of reactive anxiety (Spielberg Hanin scale) and intraoperative anesthesia (unilateral spinal anesthesia or combined) has been chosen. Results: According to the results of lactate and glucose levels in the blood the efficacy of unilateral spinal anesthesia during surgery was demonstrated. Visual analog scale revealed the advantage of extended continuous iliofascial block over an isolated femoral nerve blockade for adequate analgesia for postoperative period. The advantages of the performing continuous iliofascial block under ultrasound were demonstrated

Elastic Mid-Infrared Light Scattering: a Basis for Microscopy of Large-Scale Electrically Active Defects in Semiconducting Materials

A method of the mid-IR-laser microscopy has been proposed for the investigation of the large-scale electrically and recombination active defects in semiconductors and non-destructive inspection of semiconductor materials and structures in the industries of microelectronics and photovoltaics. The basis for this development was laid with a wide cycle of the investigations on the low-angle mid-IR-light scattering in semiconductors. The essence of the technical idea was to apply the dark-field method for spatial filtering of the scattered light in the scanning mid-IR-laser microscope. This approach enabled the visualization of large-scale electrically active defects which are the regions enriched with ionized electrically active centers. The photoexcitation of excess carriers within a small volume located in the probe mid-IR-laser beam enabled the visualization of the large-scale recombination-active defects like those revealed in the optical or electron beam induced current methods. Both these methods of the scanning mid-IR-laser microscopy are now introduced in detail in the present paper as well as a summary of techniques used in the standard method of the lowangle mid-IR-light scattering itself. Besides the techniques for direct observations, methods for analyses of the defect composition associated with the mid-IR-laser microscopy are also discussed in the paper.Comment: 44 pages, 13 figures. A good oldi

THE USE OF PROLONGED BLOCK OF PLEXUS AXILLARIS IN CHILDREN WITH EXTENSION CONTRACTURES OF THE ELBOWS DUE TO ARTHROGRYPOSIS

Elbow deformities is one of the most widespread pathologies in patients with arthrogryposis. In the majority of the cases children have extension contractures. Most of the children have limitation of active and passive movements in elbow. The aim of this research was to establish the efficiency of prolonged block of plexus axillaris in children with extension contractures of the elbows due to arthrogryposis. From 2010 to 2011 we performed prolonged block of plexus axillaris in 23 children with arthrogryposis after mobilization of elbow. During catheterization of perineural space we use ultrasound navigation and neurostimulation. We carry out elbow capsulotomy and V-Y triceps lengthening with (or without) transposition muscles. Prolonged block of plexus axillaris after these operation helps to improve passive movements in the elbow (the average passive flexion was 80-50°, passive extension was 170-160°). The mean time of rehabilitation was 3 weeks. Combination of this method with physiotherapy helps to restore range of motion in elbow in patients with arthrogryposis