Wpływ preparatu drożdży Saccharomyces cerevisiae na zawartooeæ białka i jego frakcji w mleku oraz wskaźniki mineralne w surowicy owiec

The experiment was conducted on 26 nursing Kamieniec ewes from a breeding herd. The animals were divided into two equal groups characterized by the same litter type, age and sex of suckling lambs: I - control and II - experimental. Throughout the 70-day lactation period, both groups were fed identical diets comprising haylage of grasses and legumes, meadow hay and CJ concentrate in daily rations of: 2.80 kg haylage of grasses and legumes, 0.6 kg meadow hay and 0.6 kg CJ concentrate per ewe. Group II animals were fed the CJ concentrate with the addition of Inter Yeast S® Saccharomyces cerevisiae dried yeast in the amount of 50 g kg- 1 of the concentrate. Milk was sampled during control milking runs on lactation day 28 and 70. The collected samples were analyzed to determine the content of protein, whey protein, casein, as, ß and K casein fractions. Blood was sampled twice from the jugular vein on lactation day 28 and 70. After separation of serum, the following nutrient concentrations were determined: inorganic phosphorus (P;n), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). No significant variations were reported in the percentage share of whey proteins in ewe's milk during the peak and towards the end of lactation. The yeast preparation had no effect on the casein content of milk. Yeast supplementation significantly influenced the proportions of casein fractions on lactation day 70. A significant drop in ß-casein levels (by 2.32%) with a simultaneous increase in K-casein concentrations (by 1.86%) were noted in the milk of group II animals. Similar calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations were determined in the blood serum of both animal groups throughout the experiment (on lactation day 28 and 70) and these results were within the reference values. The results of this study indicate that the inclusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae brewer's yeast into the diet of lactating ewes could enhance the quality of milk proteins.Doświadczenie przeprowadzono na 26 maciorkach karmiących owcy kamienieckiej, pochodzących ze stada hodowlanego, podzielonych na 2 równe grupy, analogiczne pod względem wieku oraz typu miotu i płci odchowywanych jagniąt: I - kontrolną, II - doświadczalną. Zwierzęta obu grup otrzymywały podczas 70-dniowej laktacji taki sam zestaw pasz objętościowych: sianokiszonkę z traw i roślin motylkowych, siano łąkowe oraz mieszankę CJ. Dzienna dawka pokarmowa, w przeliczeniu na 1 matkę, obejmowała: 2,80 kg sianokiszonki z traw i roślin motylkowych, siano łąkowe i 0,6 kg mieszanki treściwej CJ. Maciorki z grupy doświadczalnej otrzymywały mieszankę CJ z dodatkiem suszonych drożdży piwowarskich Saccharomyces cerevisiae Inter Yeast S®, w proporcji 50 g kg- 1 mieszanki. Próby mleka do analiz pobierano podczas doju kontrolnego dwukrotnie, w 28. i 70. dniu laktacji, i określono w nich procentową zawartość: białka, białka serwatkowego i kazein, a także udział frakcji as-, ß- i K-kazeiny w kazeinie całkowitej. Krew do badań pobierano dwukrotnie z żyły jarzmowej, a w otrzymanej surowicy określono koncentrację składników mineralnych: Ca, Pin i Mg. Dodatek drożdży nie spowodował istotnych zmian w zawartości białka oraz białka serwatki w mleku, zarówno w szczytowej, jak i końcowej fazie laktacji, natomiast wpłynął na kształtowanie się udziału frakcji kazein. stwierdzono, że w mleku owiec z grupy II nastąpiło istotne obniżenie poziomu ß-kazeiny (o 2,32%), a równocześnie wzrost (p<0,01) zawartości K-kazeiny (o 1,86%). Stężenie wskaźników mineralnych surowicy (Ca, P i Mg) pozostawało na zbliżonym poziomie w obydwu grupach owiec zarówno w 28., jak i 70. dniu laktacji i mieściło się w granicach wartości referencyjnych. wyniki badań wskazują, że dodatek suszonych drożdży piwowarskich Saccharomyces cerevisiae do diety owiec karmiących może mieć wpływ na jakość białka mleka

Antiphospholipide antibodies subtypes in systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome

Objective. То study frequency and clinical significance of different antiphospholipid antibodies (APHLA): anti- cardiolipin (АСА), anti-?2 glycoprotein (AB2), anti-annexin V (AAV) and autoantibodies to oxidized low density lipoproteins (AOLDPL) in pts with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with and without antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Material and methods. 68 pts (14 male, 54 female, mean age 35,2+11,4 years) followed up in the Institute оГ Rheumatology were included. 45 of them had SLE and 23 - primary APS. 24 from 45 SLE pts had signs of APS. Only instrumentally verified thromboembolic events were recorded. 43 from 68 (63,2%) pts had history of thrombosis. АСА, AB2, AAV and AOLDPL serum level was examined with immuno-enzyme assay. IgG АСА level was in the Institute of Rheumatology of RAMS and in the Institute of Rfeumatology of Warsaw. Lupus anticoagulant was tested with phospholipids-dependent method in platelet depleted plasma. Results. IgG АСА were more frequently revealed in the Institute of Rheumatology of RAMS and were associated with the presence of APS. In the Warsaw laboratory IgG positivity in SLE was revealed in 29%, in SLE+APS - in 33%, in primary APS - in 39%. in half of the pts IgG АСА level was doubtful or low-positive. Thromboembolic events were associated with the presence of IgG AB2 (mean level 0,292 U of OP, median 0,157, minimum - 0,049, maximum 0,994, interquartile dispersion 0,251). Mean level in the absence of thrombosis was 0, 178 U of OP (median 0,112, minimum - 0,440, maximum 0,834, interquartile dispersion 0,100), p=0,003 according to Mann-Whitney test. There was no statistical dependence between IgG АСА, IgG AAV and Ihrom- boembolic events but very high levels of antibodies were present in the group of pts with thromboses. There was a correlation between SLE activity and high AOLDPL level. Mean value of SLEDAI scale in 16 SLE pts with high AOLDPL level was 22,6+4,34 compared with 8,37+3,52 (p=0,000I) in 22 SLE pts not having these antibodies. Conclusion. Presence of IgG AB2 is associated with thromboses independently of their localization. Presence of AOLDPL was associated with disease activity

Anticardiolipine antibodies in skin and muscle eluates of patients with primary and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome

Objective. To detect anticardiolipin antibodies (АСА), anti-p2-GPl antibodies, C3 and C4 complement components in immune complexes including those containing АСА in skin and muscle eluates of pts with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Material and methods . In 7 pts (6 female and I male, 2 with primary APS, 3 with SLE+APS and 2 with SLE) skin and muscle biopsies were taken. 6 from 7 pts had thrombotic complications. Eluates were obtained from frozen skin and skeletal muscle biopsies (size was 1,5x0,5 and 0,5x0,5 respectively). Because of small size of biopsies it was not possible to use traditional methods of tissue pounding such as sharp homogenization of tissues in homogenizers with pulverizing and subsequent process of freezing-unfreezing which lead to large protein loss and make impossible serological tissue analysis. Application of acid eluates method by T.E.W. Feltkamp and J,H. Boode of own modification allowed to minimize tissue protein loss and perform serological tissue analysis. Results. Serum of all 7 pts contained antiphospholipid antibodies - IgG-ACA in 3, combination of IgG- und IgM-ACA in 5. In 5 from 7 eluates lgG АСА exceeded 0,109 OO units were revealed. They contained СЗ, C4 and different protein products mostly immunoglobulines. Anti-(I2GP1 antiboddie;. were absent. Conclusion. For the first time presence of АСА in tissues of APS pts was showed which may be of particular interest in studying morphogenesis of local tissue disturbances with participation of immune complexes containing АСА

Mixing omics:combining genetics and metabolomics to study rheumatic diseases

Metabolomics is an exciting field in systems biology that provides a direct readout of the biochemical activities taking place within an individual at a particular point in time. Metabolite levels are influenced by many factors, including disease status, environment, medications, diet and, importantly, genetics. Thanks to their dynamic nature, metabolites are useful for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as for predicting and monitoring the efficacy of treatments. At the same time, the strong links between an individual&#39;s metabolic and genetic profiles enable the investigation of pathways that underlie changes in metabolite levels. Thus, for the field of metabolomics to yield its full potential, researchers need to take into account the genetic factors underlying the production of metabolites, and the potential role of these metabolites in disease processes. In this Review, the methodological aspects related to metabolomic profiling and any potential links between metabolomics and the genetics of some of the most common rheumatic diseases are described. Links between metabolomics, genetics and emerging fields such as the gut microbiome and proteomics are also discussed