A systematic review of methods used to study fish in saltmarsh flats

There is a growing body of research highlighting the importance of saltmarshes as habitats for fish for feeding, refuge from predation and reproduction. However, more work is needed on fish on vegetated marsh flats (or surfaces). We reviewed 60 studies that used 21 methods to sample fish assemblages on saltmarsh flats. Drop samplers, fyke nets and pop nets were most frequently employed, with considerably more studies being conducted in graminoid than succulent marsh. Reporting of sampling temporal and tidal details, environmental variables and fish attributes was inconsistent. Most of the papers focussed on one or more of conservation management, comparisons among habitat types, and the use of saltmarsh (including fish activity type or residency status). Important potential areas of research include the relationships between the fish assemblages of saltmarsh flats and coastal fisheries, the effects of invasive plant species and marsh restoration efforts in areas outside the United States, and the potential effects of sea-level rise on vegetated flats as fish habitat. Sampling methods that provide density measures are likely to be most useful for most of this research. Thus, drop samplers and pop nets are an appropriate choice, the former in graminoid saltmarshes and the latter in succulent saltmarshes

The self-quenching streamer discharge in pure CO2\mathrm{CO_2}

The operative characteristics of the self-quenching streamer mode were investigated using graphite coated plastic tubes flushed with pure CO$_2$ and, for comparison, with in the proportion . We AriC$_4$H$_{10}$ present data on pulse heights, plateau widths and efficiencies for minimum ionizing particles as a function of high voltage, anode wire diameter and gas pressure. In particular, the detailed time structure of the streamer discharge including afterpulsing was studied with flash ADCs. Ageing properties were investigated by irradiating the tubes with a radioactive source. The results show that pure CO$_2$ can be used for this type of detector

Integrating Philips' extreme UV source in the alpha-tools

The paper describes recent progress in the development of the Philips's EUV source. Progress has been realized at many frontiers: Integration studies of the source into a scanner have primarily been studied on the Xe source because it has a high degree of maturity. We report on integration with a collector, associated collector lifetime and optical characteristics. Collector lifetime in excess of 1 bln shots could be demonstrated. Next, an active dose control system was developed and tested on the Xe lamp. Resulting dose stability data are less than 0.2% for an exposure window of 100 pulses. The second part of the paper reports on progress in the development of the Philips' Sri source. First, the details of the concept are described. It is based on a Laser triggered vacuum arc, which is an extension with respect to previous designs. The source is furbished with rotating electrodes that are covered with a Sri film that is constantly regenerated. Hence by the very design of the source, it is scalable to very high power levels, and moreover has fundamentally solved the notorious problem of electrode erosion. Power values of 260 W in 2 pi sr are reported, along with a stable, long life operation of the lamp. The paper also addresses the problem of debris generation and mitigation of the Sn-source. The problem is attacked by a combined strategy of protection of the collector by traditional means (e.g. fields, foiltraps,...), and by designing the gas atmosphere according to the principles of the well known halogen cycles in incandescent lamps. These principles have been studied in the Lighting industry for decades and rely on the excessively high vapor pressures of metal halides. Transferred to the Sri source, it allows pumping away tin residues that would otherwise irreversibly deposit on the collector

A PRECISION EXPERIMENT ON ELECTRONS, PHOTONS AND MUONS AT LHC

We describe the upgrade of the L3 detector for running at LHC. The principle goals are the precise measurement of electrons, photons and muons