Intelligent optical performance monitor using multi-task learning based artificial neural network

An intelligent optical performance monitor using multi-task learning based artificial neural network (MTL-ANN) is designed for simultaneous OSNR monitoring and modulation format identification (MFI). Signals' amplitude histograms (AHs) after constant module algorithm are selected as the input features for MTL-ANN. The experimental results of 20-Gbaud NRZ-OOK, PAM4 and PAM8 signals demonstrate that MTL-ANN could achieve OSNR monitoring and MFI simultaneously with higher accuracy and stability compared with single-task learning based ANNs (STL-ANNs). The results show an MFI accuracy of 100% and OSNR monitoring root-mean-square error of 0.63 dB for the three modulation formats under consideration. Furthermore, the number of neuron needed for the single MTL-ANN is almost the half of STL-ANN, which enables reduced-complexity optical performance monitoring devices for real-time performance monitoring

Symmetry Fractionalized (Irrationalized) Fusion Rules and Two Domain-Wall Verlinde Formulae

We investigate interdomain excitations in composite systems of topological orders separated by gapped domain walls. We derive two domain-wall Verlinde formulae that relate the braiding between interdomain excitations and domain-wall quasiparticles to the fusion rules of interdomain excitations and the fusion rules of domain-wall quasiparticles. We show how to compute such braiding and fusion with explicit non-Abelian examples and find that the fusion rules of interdomain excitations are generally fractional or irrational. By exploring the correspondence between composite systems and anyon condensation, we uncover why such fusion rules should be called symmetry fractionalized (irrationalized) fusion rules. Our domain-wall Verlinde formulae generalize the Verlinde formula of a single topological order and the defect Verlinde formula found in [C. Shen and L.-Y. Hung, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 051602 (2019)]. Our results may find applications in topological quantum computing, topological field theories, and conformal field theories.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

Modified Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Regimen Provides Cardioprotection With Improved Tissue Perfusion in Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery

Background Laboratory studies demonstrate glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) as a potent cardioprotective intervention, but clinical trials have yielded mixed results, likely because of varying formulas and timing of GIK treatment and different clinical settings. This study sought to evaluate the effects of modified GIK regimen given perioperatively with an insulin-glucose ratio of 1:3 in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Methods and Results In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial with 930 patients referred for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, GIK (200 g/L glucose, 66.7 U/L insulin, and 80 mmol/L KCl) or placebo treatment was administered intravenously at 1 mL/kg per hour 10 minutes before anesthesia and continuously for 12.5 hours. The primary outcome was the incidence of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events including all-cause death, low cardiac output syndrome, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest with successful resuscitation, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia. GIK therapy reduced the incidence of major adverse cardiac events and enhanced cardiac function recovery without increasing perioperative blood glucose compared with the control group. Mechanistically, this treatment resulted in increased glucose uptake and less lactate excretion calculated by the differences between arterial and coronary sinus, and increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and protein kinase B in the hearts of GIK-treated patients. Systemic blood lactate was also reduced in GIK-treated patients during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Conclusions A modified GIK regimen administered perioperatively reduces the incidence of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. These benefits are likely a result of enhanced systemic tissue perfusion and improved myocardial metabolism via activation of insulin signaling by GIK. Clinical Trial Registration URL: clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01516138