8 research outputs found
Reconstructing the genetic structure of the Kazakh from clan distribution data
Applying quasigenetic markers - non-biological traits which are nevertheless inherited in generations - is one of the research fields within human population genetics. For the West European, East European, and Caucasus populations, surnames are typical quasigenetic markers. For Central Asian populations, particularly Kazakh, the clan affiliation serves as a good marker: a set of papers demonstrated that many clans include mainly persons which biologically descent from a recent common ancestor. In this study, we analyzed a large (~4.2 million persons) dataset on quasigenetic markers - the geographic distribution of 50 Kazakh clans at the beginning of the 20th century, and compared the dataset with the direct data of the Y-chro-mosomal diversity in modern Kazakh populations. The analysis included three steps: the isonymy method, which is standard for quasigenetic markers, comparing frequencies of quasigenetic markers, and comparing the quasigenetic and genetic datasets. We constructed 50 maps of frequency of the distribution of each clan and revealed that these maps correlate with the maps of genetic distances. The Mantel test also demonstrated a significant correlation between geographic and quasigenetic distances (г = 0.60; p < 0.05). The analysis of inter-population variability revealed the largest diversity between geographic territories corresponding to the social-territorial groups of the Kazakh Khanate (zhuzes) rather than to other historical groups that existed on the territory of Kazakhstan in preceding and modern epochs. The same is evidenced by the principal components and multidimensional scaling plots, which grouped geographic populations into three clusters corresponding to three zhuzes. This indicates that the final structuring of the Kazakh gene pool might have occurred during the Kazakh Khanate period
The possible role of social selection in the distribution of major haplotypes of Y-chromosome haplogroup C3 in Central Asian populations
There is a strong connection between social selection and birth rate of the descendants, whose fathers had achieved high social status during the expansion of the Mongol Empire and associated historical events. We suppose this major ancestral haplotype to be the “proto-Mongolian haplotype”, inherited by Genghis Khan and his descendants. It can be assumed that the four common haplotypes also spread as a result of positive social selection, because some clans were endowed with a number of privileges and high
status during the Mongol expansion
CVD graphene growth on a surface of liquid gallium
Abstract This paper presents the results of the experiments on graphene growth on the surface of a liquid metal gallium that appeared to have the catalytic ability in respect to carbon atoms. Due to the absence of crystal lattice, the liquid catalyst does not influence the graphene formation and as a result, the latter has uniform hexagonal structure. The work comprises the data on graphene synthesis on the surface of pure gallium with different precursors and on the surface of pre-treated gallium without any precursor. Obtained materials were characterized by RAMAN, TEM, SEM and FT-IR techniques
The possible role of social selection in the distribution of major haplotypes of Y-chromosome haplogroup C3 in Central Asian populations
There is a strong connection between social selection and birth rate of the descendants, whose fathers had achieved high social status during the expansion of the Mongol Empire and associated historical events. We suppose this major ancestral haplotype to be the “proto-Mongolian haplotype”, inherited by Genghis Khan and his descendants. It can be assumed that the four common haplotypes also spread as a result of positive social selection, because some clans were endowed with a number of privileges and high
status during the Mongol expansion