Gum exudates of Acacia senegal linn is an alternative binding agent in Drosophila melanogaster culture for laboratory maintenance of stocks

The gum exudates of Acacia senegal Linn was utilized as a single agent or in combination with agar-agar in the formulation of Drosophila diet. Eight (8) corn-meal diets were formulated in two sets consisting of 15 – 40 % (w/w) A. senegal as a single binding agent or a mixture of A. senegal in the ratios of 1:5, 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1 to agar-agar per 100 g corn-meal diet. Biochemical markers of toxicity were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Standard methods of AOAC were employed to determine the physicochemical and proximate compositions of the formulated corn-meal diets. The results from this study showed high level of safety of the gum on adult Drosophila melanogaster (Harwich strain) of both sexes and of the same lineage. LC50 > 100 mg/g with insignificant mortality in all groups at varying concentration (1 – 100 mg/g) of the gum exudate was observed after 7 days of treatment. Significant increases in eclosion in the A. senegal – exposed flies at concentrations of 2, 4 and 5 mg/g diet was also observed after the treatment. A normal trend in locomotor activity was observed in all groups when flies were subjected to negative geotaxic assay, however, at concentrations of 50 mg/g there was an impairment in locomotion. The formulated A. Senegal containing diets have shown varying differences in physicochemical properties, even though no significant changes in the biochemical parameters including SOD1, Catalase and GST in all groups were seen. The collective findings of the present study revealed that the gum exudates of A. senegal L. may be a cost-effective alternative of agar-agar in corn-meal diet for laboratory maintenance of Drosophila melanogaster stocks

Increasing frailty is associated with higher prevalence and reduced recognition of delirium in older hospitalised inpatients: results of a multi-centre study

Purpose: Delirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder delineated by an acute change in cognition, attention, and consciousness. It is common, particularly in older adults, but poorly recognised. Frailty is the accumulation of deficits conferring an increased risk of adverse outcomes. We set out to determine how severity of frailty, as measured using the CFS, affected delirium rates, and recognition in hospitalised older people in the United Kingdom. Methods: Adults over 65 years were included in an observational multi-centre audit across UK hospitals, two prospective rounds, and one retrospective note review. Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), delirium status, and 30-day outcomes were recorded. Results: The overall prevalence of delirium was 16.3% (483). Patients with delirium were more frail than patients without delirium (median CFS 6 vs 4). The risk of delirium was greater with increasing frailty [OR 2.9 (1.8–4.6) in CFS 4 vs 1–3; OR 12.4 (6.2–24.5) in CFS 8 vs 1–3]. Higher CFS was associated with reduced recognition of delirium (OR of 0.7 (0.3–1.9) in CFS 4 compared to 0.2 (0.1–0.7) in CFS 8). These risks were both independent of age and dementia. Conclusion: We have demonstrated an incremental increase in risk of delirium with increasing frailty. This has important clinical implications, suggesting that frailty may provide a more nuanced measure of vulnerability to delirium and poor outcomes. However, the most frail patients are least likely to have their delirium diagnosed and there is a significant lack of research into the underlying pathophysiology of both of these common geriatric syndromes

Somali Business Review 2015

The businesses are changing and growing faster, there are a lot of people who are coming back to the country to start out their businesses, a lot of businesses were started in different sectors, and markets are looking to be busy for serving the customers. Even though the unemployment of the country is high, as there are a lot of unemployed individuals, Some organizations are helping out the youth to start and operate their businesses to fight with the unemployment by providing training and grants these caused a lot of youth to improve their livelihoods and get a source of income. Given that Somalia has been at war from the early nineties, the water division infrastructure is broken down and will have to be rebuilt and reformed to serve the people of Somalia. There are opportunities in the supplying water sector materials range from small hand well digging to complex drilling borehole of services, to take advantage from the opportunities in the market for the water sector materials, it’s good to get the stocks needed for the water supply. In this issue covers articles that address business opportunities focusing on some sectors of the market and the new technologies used for the businesses to enhance their recording. Islam is a religion presenting a system for the welfare of the society and prohibits a system where people earn income without putting work or efforts so we provided an article about the Wisdom Behind Elimination of Riba in Financial transactions

A New Nonlinear Controller for the Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Systems in Micro Grid Applications Based on Modified Anti-Disturbance Compensation

In the photovoltaic system, the performance, efficiency, and generated power of the PV system are affected by changes in the environment, disturbances, and parameter variations, and this leads to a deviation from the operating maximum power point (MPP) of the PV system. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to ensure the PV system operates at the maximum power point under the influence of exogenous disturbances and uncertainties, i.e., no matter how the irradiation, temperature, and load of the PV system change, by proposing a maximum power point tracking for the photovoltaic system (PV) based on the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) paradigm. The proposed method provides better performance with excellent tracking for the MPP by controlling the duty cycle of the DC–DC buck converter. Moreover, comparison simulations have been performed between the proposed method and the linear ADRC (LADRC), conventional ADRC, and the improved ADRC (IADRC) to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, the simulation results validated the accuracy of the proposed method in tracking the desired value and disturbance/uncertainty attenuation with excellent response and minimum output performance index (OPI)