Quantum key distribution using a triggered quantum dot source emitting near 1.3 microns

We report the distribution of a cryptographic key, secure from photon number splitting attacks, over 35 km of optical fiber using single photons from an InAs quantum dot emitting ~1.3 microns in a pillar microcavity. Using below GaAs-bandgap optical excitation, we demonstrate suppression of multiphoton emission to 10% of the Poissonian level without detector dark count subtraction. The source is incorporated into a phase encoded interferometric scheme implementing the BB84 protocol for key distribution over standard telecommunication optical fiber. We show a transmission distance advantage over that possible with (length-optimized) uniform intensity weak coherent pulses at 1310 nm in the same system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

The Influence of Thermal Baking Modes on the Electrical Properties of the Carbide Coating and its Strength with the Base

The article discusses the influence of thermal baking modes on the electrical properties of the carbide coating and its strength with the base. It is found that the electrical resistivity of the carbide coating applied by the baking method reflects the structural state of the material and allows optimizing the thermal regime of the process. By the value of the specific electrical resistance of the sintered coating, it is possible to predict the strength of its connection with the substrate

ACTUAL TICK-BORNE INFECTIONS IN CRIMEA

The Crimean Peninsula is located in the Northern part of the Black sea, from the East it is washed by the Sea of Azov, to the South and West by the Black Sea. The unique geographical and climatic conditions facilitate leptospirosis, tularemia, tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme disease, intestinal yersiniosis, pseudotuberculosis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Mediterranean fever, Q-fever and other infectious diseases natural foci formation on the territory of Crimea Republic. Tick-borne natural focal infections have the most significance due to favorable epidemiologic conditions especially on the background of high raid ticks attacks on people. A leading role in the epizootology and epidemiology of tick-borne natural-focal infections of the Crimea are playing Ixodidae that occur in different landscape-climatic zones, with the greatest their species diversity is observed in mountain-foothill, forest and forest-steppe regions. There are about 30 species in Ixodidae fauna of the Crimean Peninsula. Ticks species composition identification shows that over 50% of people attacks episodes in the Crimea on recent years is caused by Ixodes ricinus ticks species, the remaining are associated with Haemophisalis punctata, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma marginatum, Dermacentor marginatus and other. Refusal of treatment in medical institutions of the people affected by tick bites, and the possibility of an attack on people subtle phases of mites are lubricates the real picture of the frequency of contacts of the population with ticks and complicates the forecasting of the epidemiological situation. This review summarizes the available information about spreading of tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme disease, Mediterranean and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fevers on the territory of Crimea Republic and demonstrates the modern trends and manifestations of epidemic process of these nosological forms. The results obtained in the analysis of our investigations and literature data, showed that the conditions of globalization lead to an increase in the frequency of contacts of the population with natural foci, and one of the most common tick-borne natural focal infections on the territory of the Peninsula are Lyme disease and the Mediterranean fever. Epidemiological analysis of the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Crimea revealed a decrease in the activity of natural foci of these infections at the present stage. The problem of tick-borne natural focal infections in Crimea Republic requires further careful study

Heun Functions and the energy spectrum of a charged particle on a sphere under magnetic field and Coulomb force

We study the competitive action of magnetic field, Coulomb repulsion and space curvature on the motion of a charged particle. The three types of interaction are characterized by three basic lengths: l_{B} the magnetic length, l_{0} the Bohr radius and R the radius of the sphere. The energy spectrum of the particle is found by solving a Schr\"odinger equation of the Heun type, using the technique of continued fractions. It displays a rich set of functioning regimes where ratios \frac{R}{l_{B}} and \frac{R}{l_{0}} take definite values.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, accepted to JOPA, november 200

Education as a Factor of Formation of Modern Thinking of Students

В статье представлено содержание учебно-воспитательного процесса, его психолого-интеллектуальных, творческих, эмоциональных особенностей, способов, реализуемых в воспитательном процессе, направленных на развитие личности учащегося, а также ряд факторов, методов, связанных с образовательным и воспитательным процессом, имеющих важное значение для формирования современного мышления учащихся.The article presents the importance of education in the formation of modern thinking of students, a number of ways related to the process of education and upbringing, the content of its rational, creative, emotional characteristics, methods that take place in the educational process in the educational process, aimed at developing the personality of the reader

К вопросу оптимизации хирургической тактики и кровосберегающих технологий при врастании плаценты в рубец на матке

AIM OF STUDY The study of the results of delivery of pregnant women with placenta ingrowth in the uterine scar depending on the clinical status and the methods of blood saving.MATERIAL AND METHODS The design of a selective retrospective study included 54 pregnant women with central placenta previa and uterine scar after caesarean section (CS), with histologically confirmed results of placenta accreta. Among blood-saving methods we used: ligation of three pairs of main vessels of the uterus, ligation of the internal iliac arteries, complex compression hemostasis according to R.G. Shmakov, temporary clamping of the common iliac arteries.RESULTS CS with fundal incision was performed in 47 women (87.0%) out of 54. Hysterectomy was performed in 17 women (31.5%) out of 54. In the remaining 37 cases (68.5%), metroplasty and organ preservation were performed. There was no relaparotomy; there was no maternal mortality; perinatal mortality was 4 (7.4%); forced opening, bladder resection were performed in 7 (13.0%) cases; opening of the bladder without wall resection — in 2 (3.7%); 2 near miss cases; there were no complications associated with temporary clamping of the common iliac arteries; endometritis (recovery after conservative treatment) was revealed in 2 women (3.7%). Histologic examination results: 15 (27.8%) of placenta accreta, 30 (55.6%) of placenta increta, 8 (14.8%) of placenta percreta. In 8 cases, there was a combination of placenta increta into the uterine scar region of different depths, and in 2 (3.7%) cases, a combined deeply invasive lesion of the posterior wall of the lower segment and the body of the uterus.CONCLUSION Complex compression hemostasis according to R.G. Shmakov is the most rational and promising method of blood saving, acceptable among the majority of patients with placenta accreta spectrum. Temporary clamping of the common iliac arteries is advisable in case of damage to the posterior wall of the bladder. Preservation of the uterus: in case of a deeply invasive lesion, including cases of combined damage to the posterior wall of the lower segment of the uterus or the body of the uterus, significant blood loss before the woman enters the hospital, it is not an imperative of surgical tactics.ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ Изучение результатов родоразрешения беременных с врастанием плаценты (ВП) в рубец на матке (РНМ) (ВПРНМ) в зависимости от клинического статуса и использованных методов кровосбережения.МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ В разработку выборочного ретроспективного исследования вошли 54 беременные женщины с центральным предлежанием плаценты и РНМ после кесарева сечения (КС), с гистологически подтвержденными результатами ВП. Из арсенала кровосберегающих методов использовались: перевязка трех пар магистральных сосудов матки, перевязка внутренних подвздошных артерий, комплексный компрессионный гемостаз по Р.Г. Шмакову, временное клеммирование общих подвздошных артерий.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ Путем донного КС родоразрешены 47 женщин (87,0%) из 54. Гистерэктомия проведена у 17 женщин (31,5%) из 54. В остальных 37 наблюдениях (68,5%) осуществлялась метропластика, органосохранение. Релапаротомии не было; материнская смертность отсутствовала; перинатальная смертность — 4 (7,4%); вынужденное вскрытие, резекция мочевого пузыря — в 7 (13,0%) наблюдениях; вскрытие мочевого пузыря без резекции стенки — в 2 (3,7%); случаи ˝near miss˝ отмечены в 2 клинических эпизодах; осложнений, связанных с временным клеммированием общих подвздошных артерий, не было; эндометрит (излечение после консервативного лечения) отмечен у 2 женщин (3,7%). Результаты гистологического исследования: placenta accreta — у 15 (27,8%), placenta increta — у 30 (55,6%), placenta percreta — у 8 (14,8%). В 8 случаях отмечалось сочетание различного по глубине ВП в область РНМ, а в 2 (3,7%) — сочетанное глубокоинвазивное поражение задней стенки нижнего сегмента и тела матки.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ Комплексный компрессионный гемостаз по Р.Г. Шмакову — наиболее рациональный и перспективный метод кровосбережения, приемлемый среди большинства пациенток с placenta accrete spectrum. Временное клеммирование общих подвздошных артерий целесообразно при поражении задней стенки мочевого пузыря. Сохранение матки: при глубокоинвазивном поражении, включая варианты сочетанного повреждения задней стенки нижнего сегмента матки или тела матки, значительной кровопотери до поступления женщины в стационар — не является императивом хирургической тактики

DEFINITION of EXTENDED STRUCTURAL DEFECTS IN EPITAXIAL FILMS of ZnTeG‘GaAs GROWN by MBE

The last three decades of the development of solid state physics are characterized by the fact that the main objects of research are increasingly not massive crystals, but thin films, multilayer thin-film systems, conducting filaments and crystallites of small size. Epitaxial films are grown on a substrate of a single crystal of the same or another material. In the first case, the epitaxial layer with the correct technology becomes a natural extension of the substrate. Epitaxial film can be doped with various impurities. To introduce an alloying admixture into the epitaxial film, three methods are used. According to the first method, the necessary admixture is dissolved in the source of the semiconductor material. The second method involves the use of an alloying admixture in an elementary form and its placement in the pipe between the source of the semiconductor material and the substrate. Sometimes the alloying admixture is placed in a separate temperature zone of the working pipe. The third method is to add an alloying admixture to the volatile iodides. Interest in the study of quantum-dimensional structures based on A2B6 materials is due to the possibility of manufacturing on their basis of injection sources of coherent and incoherent radiation, as well as emitters with electronic pumping, covering almost the entire visible range. To clarify the nature of the luminescence centers responsible for the i1c band, we studied the effect on the FL spectra of the buffer ES ZnTe: (I)a thin (5-10 nm) intermediate recrystallized ZnTe layer located between the buffer layer and the substrate (100) GaAs; (ii)the thickness of the buffer layer, as well as (III) the build-up of quantum-dimensional layers CdxZn1-xTeG‘ZnTe (xq0.2-0.4). In addition, the spatial distribution (in buffer depth) of the intensity (I) and spectral position (m) of THE i1c band, as well as temperature dependences of I and m were investigated. At the same time, x-ray diffraction measurements of the swing curves were carried out to control the structural perfection of the ZnTe ES. In the exciton region of the spectrum, there are also intense band I1C hmq2.356 eV and located in close proximity to her far side strip with hmq2.352 eV (I2C) lower intensity. In the samples with quantum layers from the short-wave side of I1C, an additional band IX with hmq2.359 eV is observed. A number of characteristics of the bands in the group I1C different from the corresponding characteristics such as both free and associated excitons. Thus, the change in the technology of growing MBE epitaxial buffer layers ZnTeG‘GaAs: (1) the use of a thin, recrystallized layer ZnTe (d10 nm), as well as (2) an increase in the thickness of the buffer layer leads to an improvement in the structure of the ES, as well as an increase in the total intensity of the FL bands in the exciton spectrum and a decrease in the impurity. The paper also provides with additional information on the nature of the i1c band and the IX band found near it. The difference between the temperature and deformation dependences of the positions of these bands on the corresponding characteristics of the exciton radiation lines, as well as the increase in their intensity with a decrease in deformations made it possible to link these bands with extended defects. Based on these data, as well as the results of x-ray diffraction measurements, it is assumed that the centers responsible for the I1C band are associated with the boundaries of the subunits in the mosaic structure