Studies of the Sorption of Palladium(II) Ions from Model Chloride Systems onto an Ion Exchanger Containing Isothiourea Groups and onto Weakly Basic Anion Exchangers of Various Types

The separation and determination of precious metals in minerals, alloys and environmental samples is very difficult due to their low concentration under natural circumstances. However, despite such difficulties, there has been a rapid development of chromatographic separation methods for noble metal ions. In the present work, laboratory studies of the selective removal of palladium(II) ions from 0.1–6.0 M HCl, 0.1–0.9 M HCl/0.9–0.1 M HNO 3 , 1.0 M AlCl 3 -0.1 M HCl and 1.0 M ZnCl 2 -0.1 M HCl onto various types of ion exchangers have been undertaken. In this context, the applicability of the selective ion exchanger Purolite S-920 and of the weakly basic anion exchangers Amberlyst A-21, Amberlite IRA-67 and Amberlite IRA-93 were examined. The sorption of Pd(II) ions was undertaken by both dynamic and static methods. The working ion-exchange capacities as well as the weight and bed distribution coefficients were calculated from the breakthrough curves for Pd(II) ions. The selective ion exchanger Purolite S-920 exhibited the highest value for the working ion-exchange capacity of Pd(II) ions

Studies of the Influence of the Percentage Content of Polar Organic Solvent on the Sorption and Separation of Rare Earth Elements Nitrate Complexes on Anion Exchangers

Rare earth elements do not occur individually in Nature but in the form of mixtures, which are frequently isomorphic, and in minerals but only in small amounts. Hence, their metallurgy is difficult and extremely expensive. The aim of the present work was to study the influence of the percentage content of a polar organic solvent (CH 3 OH, CH 3 COCH 3 ) on the possible selective removal and separation of rare earth elements(III) nitrate complexes by frontal analysis in 95–35% v/v polar organic solvent-x% v/v H 2 O-5-10% v/v 1 or 7 M HNO 3 systems on the strongly basic anion exchangers Wofatit SBW × 6% DVB and Wofatit SBK × 7% DVB. The weight and bed distribution coefficients, as well as the number of theoretical plates for individual systems, were determined. The best results were obtained in the 95% v/v CH 3 COCH 3 -5% v/v 7 M HNO 3 system on Wofatit SBW × 6% DVB. In this case, 2.62 kg Y 2 O 3 were purified from a 1% neodymium admixture on 1 dm 3 of the anion exchanger

Studies of the Selective Removal of Microquantities of Platinum(IV) Ions from Model Chloride Solutions onto Ion Exchangers Containing Functional Tertiary Amine and Polyamine Groups

Since platinum is applied widely in industry, the recovery of noble metals from industrial wastes becomes an economic issue. Laboratory studies have been undertaken of the selective removal of microquantities of Pt(IV) ions from 0.1–6 M hydrochloric acid solutions onto ion exchangers containing functional tertiary amine groups (Amberlite IRA-67 and Amberlite IRA-93) or functional polyamine groups (Diaion CR 20). The recovery factor values [% R Pt(IV)] were determined for these ion exchangers as well as the sorption isotherms which depended on the kind of aqueous phase employed and the phase contact time. In addition, the weight and volume distribution coefficients, the number of theoretical plates as well as the working ion-exchange capacities were calculated from the Pt(IV) ion breakthrough curves. Due to their high ion-exchange capacities relative to Pt(IV) ions and their high resistance towards chemical agents, these ion exchangers may be applied both in platinum recovery technologies and in analysis of trace amounts of the noble metal

Studies of the Sorption of Rare Earth Element Nitrate Complexes in the CHOH–HNO System on the Strongly Basic Anion Exchanger Wofatit SBW

The possibility of removing rare earth element(III) nitrate complexes selectively from the 90% v/v C 2 H 5 OH–10% v/v 7 M HNO 3 system on Wofatit SBW × 6% DVB was examined. Weight and bed distribution coefficients were determined from the breakthrough curves of individual rare earth elements. Based on these, the affinity series of rare earth element nitrate complexes in this system was determined. The effect of crosslinking the anion exchanger Wofatit SBW × 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 12% and 16% DVB on the sorption of rare earth element nitrate complexes in the 90% v/v C 2 H 5 OH–10% v/v 7 M HNO 3 system was also investigated

Removal of NI(II) ion in the presence of DS form waters and waste waters

W pracy przeprowadzono badania nad sorpcją kompleksów jonów Ni(II) z tetrasodową solą kwasu poliasparaginowego (Baypure DS 100) jako czynnikiem kompleksującym na jonitach Lewatit MonoPlus M 800 oraz Lewatit MK-51. Proces sorpcji prowadzono metodą statyczną w zależności od czasu kontaktu faz, pH, temperatury i stężenia jonów Ni(II) i DS w roztworze. Stwierdzono, że maksymalny procent usunięcia kompleksów Ni(II)-DS = 1:1 uzyskuje się dla w/w jonitów przy pH >7,0. Wzrost temperatury wpływa nieznacznie na efektywność sorpcji na wszystkich jonitach. Usuwanie jonów niklu(II) w obecności czynnika kompleksującego zachodzi z wyższą wydajnością na jonicie Lewatit MK-51.The paper presents the studies of sorption of the Ni(II) ions complexes with tetrasodium salt of polyaspartic acid (Baypure DS 100) as a complexing agent on the ion exchangers Lewatit MonoPlus M800 and Lewatit MK-51. The sorption process was carried out by the static method depending on the phase contact time, pH, temperature and concentration of Ni(II) ions and DS in the solution. The maximal percentage of Ni(II)-DS=1:1 complexes is obtained for the above mentioned ions at pH>7.0. The temperature increase causes insignificant decrease in sorption effectiveness on all ion exchangers. Removal of nickel(II) ions in the presence of the ion exchanger Lewatit MK-51

Studies of the Selective Removal of Micro-Quantities of Platinum(IV) Ions from Macro-Quantities of Model Solutions of Aluminium, Copper, Iron, Nickel and Zinc Chloride on Anion-Exchangers of Various Types

Platinum has been widely applied as an industrial catalyst and consequently the recovery of noble metals from industrial wastes has become an economic issue. In the present studies, laboratory tests were undertaken to examine the selective removal of micro-quantities of platinum(IV) from 1 M solutions of aluminium, copper, iron, nickel and zinc chloride in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid using anion-exchangers containing tertiary amine group functions (Amberlite IRA-67 and Amberlite IRA-93) and polyamine group functions (Diaion CR-20). The values of the recovery factor [% R Pt(IV)] were determined for these anion-exchangers, as well as the sorption isotherms whose shape and type depended on the kind of aqueous phase employed and the phase contact time. In addition, the weight and volume distribution coefficients as well as the working and total ion-exchange capacities were calculated from the Pt(IV) breakthrough curves and various kinetic parameters were determined. The anion-exchanger Amberlite IRA-93 exhibited a maximum working capacity for Pt(IV) ions

Reduction of chromium(VI) ions from aqueous solutions by using the solvent impregnated resin

The solvent impregnated resins enables effective recovery of microquantities of chromium(VI) ions from wastewaters. The solvent impregnated resin (SIR) Amberlite XAD 7 HP as polymer matrix has been prepared by the wet-impregnation technique. Aliquat 336 was employed as the extractant and acetone as the solvents for impregnation. Sorption of chromium(VI) was investigated in the batch process . Sorption of chromium(VI) was studied in the pH range from 1.5 to 7. It was stated that sorption of chromium(VI) ions depends on acidity of solution. The values of recovery factors of chromium(VI) are higher at low pH than in neutral solution. The speciation of chromium was investigated in the studied pH range. Reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) under acidic conditions was observed. Chromium was determined by using the spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectroscopy methods. Both methods permit to observe changing of valence of chromium(III) and (VI) oxidation states. The prepared SIR is a new sorbent used for recovery of chromium ions from wastewaters

Studies of Lanthanum(III) Nitrate Complex Sorption on the Strongly Basic Anion Exchanger Wofatit SBW Possessing Various Degrees of Crosslinking

Rare earth elements of high purity including lanthanum play an important role in many fields of modern technology. This paper presents possibilities of the selective removal of lanthanum(III) nitrate complexes from the 90% v/v CH 3 OH–10% v/v 1 and 7 M HNO 3 systems as well as the 90% v/v C 2 H 5 OH–10% v/v 1 and 7 M HNO 3 systems by frontal analysis on the strongly basic anion exchanger Wofatit SBW crosslinked with 2–16% DVB. The weight and bed distribution coefficients as well as the number of theoretical plates were determined from the breakthrough curves. It has been shown that the sorption of lanthanum(III) nitrate complexes in both methanol and ethanol systems increased as the degree of crosslinkage increased from 2% to 8% DVB, and then decreased with further increase in crosslinking. This can be interpreted in terms of a ‘sieve action’ arising from the partial removal of large complex ions from the anion-exchanger phase [not all the ion-exchange centres are accessible to La(NO 3 ) 3-n n species]