Oat cultivars developed at Nemchinovka and included into the State Register in recent years (a review)

The main trend in crop breeding is to increase productivity and improve grain quality indicators. The formation of high crop productivity requires cultivars with high potential for productivity and quality as well as with resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Successful solution of these and emerging breeding problems is possible only if appropriate source material is employed.Source material from the Vavilov Institute’s collection of plant genetic resources was used in crosses aimed at the development of oat cultivars. Its brief description is presented here.The results of the breeding work on oat cultivars at the Nemchinovka Federal Research Center from 2007 through 2017 are discussed. Descriptions are given to all ten developed oat cultivars with a detailed pedigree for each combination of crosses. Pedigree analysis has been performed, and its results show a limited number of parental forms for crosses. The problem of source material utilization in breeding practice and narrowing of the genetic base in the process of cultivar development is discussed

Monitoring of coronavirus infection in the kyrgyz population

Purpose of the study: to study the dynamics of developing herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the population of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan during COVID-19. Materials and methods. The work was carried out using the methodology for assessing population immunity developed by Rospotrebnadzor (Russia) as well as the Ministry of Health (Kypgyzstan) and the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute. The selection of participants was carried out by questionnaire using a cloud (Internet server) service. To monitor population immunity, a cohort of 2421 subjects was formed, who participated in all stages of seromonitoring. Volunteers were randomized according to age groups (1–17, 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70+ years), regional and professional factors. Antibodies (Abs) against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (Nc) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of S-glycoprotein were determined by qualitative and quantitative methods. The study was carried out in 3 stages according to a single scheme: 1st stage — 06/28–07/03/2021, 2nd — 21–25/02/2022 and 3rd — 31/10–04/11/2022. Since 2021, Kyrgyzstan has been vaccinating the population against SARS-CoV-2 mainly using inactivated whole-virion vaccines. Results. Population immunity against SARS-CoV-2 was predominantly accounted for by both Ab types (Nc+RBD+). By the 3rd stage, the percentage of such persons reached 99.2%, Nc–RBD– volunteers — up to 0.8%. At the 1st stage, middle-aged people dominated, but age differences were leveled out by the 2nd stage. The greatest impact on seroprevalence was found among medical workers, the smallest — among businessmen and industrial workers. Populational vaccination significantly impacted on the state of herd immunity that reached 25% by the 3rd stage. The refusals of the population in Kyrgyz Republic from vaccination noted at the 2nd and especially 3rd stages did not significantly affect level of herd immunity, which could probably be associated with asymptomatic cases of COVID-19, against which primary vaccination had a booster effect. Conclusion. The dynamics of population humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 included a number of changes in the level of circulating antibodies (Nc, RBD), caused by both primary infection and vaccination. The herd immunity formed in population of Kyrgyzstan allowed to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 to almost sporadic level

STOP-BANG: инструмент для целенаправленной респираторной терапии у бариатрических пациентов

Identification of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and high respiratory risk, optimization of the screening algorithm for these patients and administration of preventive non-invasive lung ventilation, makes it possible to prevent the development of perioperative complications, reduce duration of hospital stay and reduce mortality in patients undergoing surgery and bariatric surgery specifically.The objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of STOP-BANG questionnaire for preventive targeted respiratory therapy to reduce the risk of complications in bariatric patients. Subjects and Methods. We examined 60 patients with BMI above 30 kg/m2 referred to elective secondary surgery, the age made 44.2 ± 10.1 years, 23 men and 37 women. Before the operation, patients underwent STOP-BANG questionnaire survey, night respiratory monitoring with the calculation of the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and/or saturation during sleep. The standard preoperative examination included clinical and biochemical analyzes.Results. Based on results of STOP-BANG survey, a correlation was revealed between the score and AHI as well as the score and average saturation. The higher score the patients had according to the STOP-BANG questionnaire, the higher AHI was (r = 0.4748, p = 0.002), and the lower mean SpO2 was (r = -0.6958, p < 0.001). Using the ROC analysis, we chose the optimal threshold value - 4 points according to STOP-BANG questionnaire, where the sensitivity of the method was 93% for the AHI, the specificity was 56%, and for the average saturation it was 100% and 63%, respectively. Of the total number of bariatric patients included in the study, 30% required preventive ventilation. In the high respiratory risk group, no significant intraoperative incidents and deaths were reported by the surgical and anesthetic teams. All patients were discharged on time (5‒7 days). Based on the results, a screening procedure has been offered for bariatric patients with high respiratory risk associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Conclusion. The STOP-BANG questionnaire is a reliable screening tool for high respiratory risk in morbid obese patients. Early diagnosis of high respiratory risk and implementation of preventive ventilation reduces the incidence of perioperative respiratory and cardiovascular complications.Выявление пациентов с синдромом обструктивного апноэ сна (СОАС) и высоким респираторным риском дает возможности для своевременного предупреждения периоперационных осложнений. Одним из важных мероприятий представляется назначение превентивной неинвазивной вентиляции легких, которая может уменьшить сроки госпитализации и снизить уровень летальности у пациентов хирургического профиля, в частности у бариатрических пациентов. Цель: оценить эффективность применения опросника STOP-BANG при назначении превентивной целенаправленной респираторной терапии для снижения риска развития осложнений у бариатрических пациентов.Материал и методы. Обследовано 60 пациентов с индексом массы тела более 30 кг/м2, направленных на бариатрическую операцию в плановом порядке, средний возраст 44,2 ± 10,1 года, мужчин 23 и женщин 37. Пациенты перед операцией прошли анкетирование по опроснику STOP-BANG, полисомнографию с расчетом индекса апноэ/гипопноэ (ИАГ) и/или сатурации во время сна. Стандартное предоперационное обследование включало клинический и биохимический анализы.Результаты. На основании результатов опроса по методике STOP-BANG выявлена корреляционная взаимосвязь между количеством баллов и ИАГ, а также количеством баллов и средней сатурацией. Чем больше баллов было у пациентов по опроснику STOP-BANG, тем выше был ИАГ (r = 0,4748, p = 0,002) и тем ниже SpO2ср (r = -0,6958, p < 0,001). С помощью ROC-анализа мы выбрали оптимальные пороговые значения – 4 балла по опроснику STOP-BANG, где для ИАГ чувствительность метода для диагностики тяжелого обструктивного апноэ сна составила 93%, специфичность – 56%, а для средней сатурации – 100 и 63% соответственно. Из общего числа включенных в исследование бариатрических пациентов 30% потребовали превентивной вентиляции. Значимых интраоперационных инцидентов, осложнений и летальных исходов у пациентов группы высокого респираторного риска не было. Все пациенты были выписаны в установленные сроки (на 5‒7-е сут). По итогам предложен алгоритм скрининга бариатрических пациентов с высоким респираторным риском, ассоциированным с СОАС.Заключение. Опросник STOP-BANG является надежным инструментом скрининга для выявления высокого респираторного риска у пациентов с морбидным ожирением. Ранняя диагностика высокого респираторного риска и выполнение превентивной неинвазивной вентиляции легких позволяют снизить частоту развития периоперационных респираторных и сердечно-сосудистых осложнений