14,744 research outputs found
First-order melting of a weak spin-orbit Mott insulator into a correlated metal
The electronic phase diagram of the weak spin-orbit Mott insulator
(Sr(1-x)Lax)3Ir2O7 is determined via an exhaustive experimental study. Upon
doping electrons via La substitution, an immediate collapse in resistivity
occurs along with a narrow regime of nanoscale phase separation comprised of
antiferromagnetic, insulating regions and paramagnetic, metallic puddles
persisting until x~0.04. Continued electron doping results in an abrupt,
first-order phase boundary where the Neel state is suppressed and a homogenous,
correlated, metallic state appears with an enhanced spin susceptibility and
local moments. As the metallic state is stabilized, a weak structural
distortion develops and suggests a competing instability with the parent
spin-orbit Mott state.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Quantum key distribution using a triggered quantum dot source emitting near 1.3 microns
We report the distribution of a cryptographic key, secure from photon number
splitting attacks, over 35 km of optical fiber using single photons from an
InAs quantum dot emitting ~1.3 microns in a pillar microcavity. Using below
GaAs-bandgap optical excitation, we demonstrate suppression of multiphoton
emission to 10% of the Poissonian level without detector dark count
subtraction. The source is incorporated into a phase encoded interferometric
scheme implementing the BB84 protocol for key distribution over standard
telecommunication optical fiber. We show a transmission distance advantage over
that possible with (length-optimized) uniform intensity weak coherent pulses at
1310 nm in the same system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
The internationalisation of the Spanish SME sector
As part of a wider research program, we analysed the theoretical framework and the recent developments of the process of internationalisation (transnationalisation) of the small- and medium-sized enterprises in Spain. The paper highlights the main trends and barriers of this internationalisation process. Methodology included document analyses, interviews, and the analyses of statistical databases
Radiative Transfer in Prestellar Cores: A Monte Carlo Approach
We use our Monte Carlo radiative transfer code to study non-embedded
prestellar cores and cores that are embedded at the centre of a molecular
cloud. Our study indicates that the temperature inside embedded cores is lower
than in isolated non-embedded cores, and generally less than 12 K, even when
the cores are surrounded by an ambient cloud of small visual extinction (Av~5).
Our study shows that the best wavelength region to observe embedded cores is
between 400 and 500 microns, where the core is quite distinct from the
background. We also predict that very sensitive observations (~1-3 MJy/sr) at
170-200 microns can be used to estimate how deeply a core is embedded in its
parent molecular cloud. Finally, we present preliminary results of asymmetric
models of non-embedded cores.Comment: 8 pages, 15 figures, to appear in the conference proceedings of "Open
Issues in Local Star Formation and Early Stellar Evolution", held in Ouro
Preto (Brazil), April 5-10, 200
Threshold Corrections in Precision LHC Physics: QED otimes QCD
With an eye toward LHC processes in which theoretical precisions of 1 percent
are desired, we introduce the theory of the simultaneous YFS resummation of QED
and QCD to compute the size of the expected resummed soft radiative threshold
effects in precision studies of heavy particle production at the LHC. Our
results show that both QED and QCD soft threshold effects must be controlled to
be on the conservative side to achieve such precision goals.Comment: 4 pages, no figures; presented by B.F.L. Ward in DPF200
Development of a 'millimanipulation' device to study the removal of soft solid fouling layers from solid substrates and its application to cooked lard deposits
A mm-scale scraping device was developed to study the removal behaviour of
soft solid fouling layers (thickness 0.5 to 10 mm) from solid substrates. A blade
is dragged through the circular or rectangular samples at controlled speed and the
resistance forces measured. Tests with a viscous liquid (honey) and viscoplastic
material (a Vaseline-carbon black paste) indicated that cohesive deformation
dominated the measured force. Two model food soils were: (i) unbaked lard, and
(ii) lard baked for different times with and without added ovalbumin. The cohesive
strength of the baked lard, and its removal behaviour, changed noticeably following
autoxidative polymerisation. Ovalbumin delayed the onset of polymerisation.An EPSRC studentship for AA is gratefully acknowledged, as it project support
and a summer studentship for JP from Proctor & Gamble.This is the final version. It was first published by Elsevier at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960308514000972
On Theoretical Uncertainties of the W Angular Distribution in W-Pair Production at LEP2 Energies
We discuss theoretical uncertainties of the distribution in the cosine of the
W polar angle projected into a measurement of the anomalous triple gauge-boson
coupling \lambda=\lambda_{\gamma}=\lambda_Z at LEP2 energies for the tandem of
the Monte Carlo event generators KoralW and YFSWW3 and for the Monte Carlo
event generator RacoonWW. Exploiting numerical results of these programs and
cross-checks with experimental fitting procedures, we estimate that the
theoretical uncertainty of the value of \lambda due to electroweak corrections,
as obtained at LEP2 with the help of these programs, is ~0.005, about half of
the expected experimental error for the combined LEP2 experiments (~0.010). We
use certain idealized event selections; however, we argue that these results
are valid for realistic LEP2 measurements.Comment: 14 pages, 3 Postscript figure
The Effects of Chemical and Mechanical Control of Woody Plants on Resprouting and Seedling Production in Communal Rangelands
In many African countries, communal rangelands are threatened by woody plant encroachment. We sought to explore potential solutions for communal ranchers that would be cost-effective. We conducted two field experiments to determine (1) the effects of various tree removal treatments (10%, 20%, 50%, 75% and 100%), and herbicide application on resprouting ability and vigour of several woody plant species; and (2) the effectiveness of Tree Poppers® (a weed wrench) as a low-cost mechanical control tool to physically uproot seedlings and saplings of woody species. In the first experiment, we examined 12 plant species from 20 plots (30 m x 30 m) each subjected to tree removal, followed by herbicide application on half of the stumps for each plot. In the second experiment, eight dominant tree species were grouped into three height classes (0-49 cm, 50-99 cm, 100-150 cm) of ten seedlings and saplings per species per height class. All the tree species in this study resprouted six months after cutting. Herbicide application significantly reduced the resprouting ability of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn, Ehretia rigida (Thunb.) Druce, Vachellia robusta (Burch.) Kyalangalilwa & Boatwright and Ziziphus mucronata Willd. Tree removal positively influenced the resprouting ability and vigour of only Euclea crispa (Thunb.) Gürke. The diameter of stumps was an important factor in determining resprouting ability, with shoot production decreasing with increasing stump diameter. We found no significant differences in the number of seedlings and saplings uprooted by Tree Poppers® among the different size classes. There were significant differences in the number of juveniles uprooted using a weed wrench with only a few individuals of Vachellia species uprooted. Woody plants are more likely to resprout and survive as juveniles than as adults after cutting. Communal ranchers may mechanically control shallow-rooted tree seedlings with a weed wrench but not deep-rooted ones, such as Vachellia species
Report of the Working Group on `W Mass and QCD' (Phenomenology Workshop on LEP2 Physics, Oxford, April 1997)
The W Mass and QCD Working Group discussed a wide variety of topics relating
to present and future measurements of M(W) at LEP2, including QCD backgrounds
to W+W- production. Particular attention was focused on experimental issues
concerning the direct reconstruction and threshold mass measurements, and on
theoretical and experimental issues concerning the four jet final state. This
report summarises the main conclusions.Comment: 43 pages LaTeX and 15 encapsulated postscript figures. Uses epsfig
and ioplppt macros. Full Proceedings to be published in Journal of Physics
- …