ОЦЕНКА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ГЕНОТИПОВ СВЕКЛЫ СТОЛОВОЙ НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И СОХРАНЯЕМОСТЬ

The experiments were performed during the two successive seasons of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 at the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan. The experiment was aimed to study the efficiency of 117 different beetroot accessions for productivity and storability. To study the storability, 20 beetroot roots without any external sings of diseases were taken in two replications from each variety accession and left to be stored. The wet fresh weight of beetroots placed into storage varied from 132 g to 320 g depending on the shape and the size of roots. Beetroots were stored in polypropylene bags, which were placed on barred shelves 30-35 cm high. The storing temperature in autumn and spring period of time fluctuated from 3-5o to 6-8°, but in winter period it was 1-2°. The observed results showed that the gross yield of beetroot accessions ranged from 25.0 to 105.4 t/ha, marketable yield – 16.7 to 74.9 t/ha, marketability – 33.8 to 97.2%. Storability of beet roots mostly depended on accession genotype with different natural decrease of weight and root rot diseases. Natural decrease of weight varied from 0.0 to 12.3%, total losses from root diseases were from 0.0 to 90.0%. The analysis carried out showed that the link between yield capacity and storage characteristics was weak, R= -0,042-0,144. The correlation between storability and root rot was R = -0,516-0,644, that was stronger than it was in natural decrease of weight, R = -0.115. Эксперименты проводили в течение двух последовательных сезонов 2015/2016 и 2016/2017 годов в Казахском научно-исследовательском институте картофелеводства и овощеводства, Алматинская область, Казахстан. Эксперимент был нацелен на изучение эффективности 117 различных образцов свеклы по полевой продуктивности и сохраняемости. Для изучения сохраняемости, по 20 корнеплодов свеклы в двух повторениях без внешних симптомов заболевании от каждого сортообразца были заложены на хранение. Сырая свежая масса корнеплодов свеклы, закладываемой на хранение, варьировала от 132 г до 320 г в зависимости от формы и размера корней. Свекла хранилась в полипропиленовых мешках, которые помещались на решетчатую полку высотой 30-35 см. Температура хранения в осенний и весенний периоды колебалась от 3-5° до 6-8° C, а в зимний период она установилась на уровне 1-2° C. Полученные результаты показали, что валовой сбор свеклы столовой варьировал от 25,0 до 105,4 т/га, товарная – от 16,7 до 74,9 т/га, товарность – от 33,8 до 97,2%. Сохраняемость корнеплодов свеклы столовой в основном зависела от генотипа образцов с различными естественной убылью массы и заболеваемостью корневыми гнилями. Естественная убыль массы варьировала от 0,0 до 12,3%, суммарные потери от заболеваний корнеплодов составляли от 0,0 до 90,0%. Анализ показал, что связь между урожайностью и параметрами хранения неустойчивая и слабая (R = -0,042-0,144). Корреляционная зависимость сохраняемости и от корневой гнили значительно сильнее (R = -0,5160,644), чем от естественного снижения массы (R = -0,115).

СОЗДАНИЕ И ОЦЕНКА СОРТОЛИНЕЙНЫХ ГИБРИДОВ ЛУКА РЕПЧАТОГО В КАЗАХСТАНЕ

The experiments were conducted in 2015-2017 on the experimental fields of the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing located on the northern slope of the Zailiysky Alatau, 40 km to the west of the city of Almaty, under irrigation conditions. The aim of the research was a comprehensive field assessment of selective onion samples with sterile cytoplasm from onion Galantum and their derivatives – varietal-linear hybrids obtained by pollination with domestic cultivars. Visual assessment, which was conducted on the background of natural disease infection, showed that 20 accessions of onions had a very weak susceptibility to peronosporosis (1-10% of leaves); 63 – weak susceptibility (11-25% of the leaves); 91 - average susceptibility (26- 50% of leaves); 118 – severe susceptibility (more than 51% of the leaves). As the results of the research showed, onion accessions differed significantly in terms of productivity: the gross yield varied from 13,3 to 83,6 t/ha, the commodity yields ranged from 10,6 to 78,3 t/ha, and the marketability ranged from 65,4 up to 98,8%. Yield level above 70 t/ha had breeding accessions with sterile cytoplasm from onion Galanthum: ON518, ON533, ON519 and ON516, amounting to 83,6; 75,3; 74,2 and 73,4 t/ha, respectively. Very high marketability of bulbs had breeding accessions ON171 – 98,8%, ON439 – 97,6% and ON158 – 96,8%. The value of storage losses varied depending on the genotype of the selected onion breeding material. The greatest physiological reduction in weight was observed in the accessions ON517 – 32,1%, ON516 – 26,5%, ON533 – 24,2% and ON336 – 17,7%, and the lowest - in the accessions ON431 – 4,6%, ON486 – 4,0% and ON327 – 3,4%. The correlation analysis showed a weak relationship between the parameters of the onion yield and its storabilioty (R = -0,10-0,24). Storability was mainly due to the physiological reduction in weight (R = -0,59), bulb soft rot (R = -0,59) and bulb sprouting (R = -0,69).Исследования проводили в 2015-2017 годах на опытных полях Казахского научно-исследовательского института картофелеводства и овощеводства, расположенных на северном склоне Заилийского Алатау в 40 км к западу от города Алматы, в условиях орошения. Целью исследований была комплексная полевая оценка селекционных образцов репчатого лука со стерильной цитоплазмой от лука Галантум и их производных – сортолинейных гибридов, полученных при опылении с сортами отечественной селекции. Визуальная оценка, которую вели на фоне естественного поражения болезнью, показала, что 20 образцов лука репчатого имели очень слабую восприимчивость к пероноспорозу (1-10% листьев); 63 - слабую восприимчивость (11- 25% листьев); 91 – среднюю восприимчивость (26-50% листьев); 118 – сильную восприимчивость (более 51% листьев). Как показали результаты исследований, сортообразцы лука репчатого существенно различались по продуктивности: валовая урожайность варьировала от 13,3 до 83,6 т/га, товарная урожайность – от 10,6 до 78,3 т/га, а товарность составляла от 65,4 до 98,8%. Уровень урожайности выше 70 т/га имели образцы со стерильной цитоплазмой от лука Галантум: ON518, ON533, ON519 и ON516, составив 83,6; 75,3; 74,2 и 73,4 т/га соответственно. Очень высокую товарность луковиц имели образцы ON171 – 98,8%, ON439 – 97,6% и ON158 – 96,8%. Величина потерь при хранении варьировала в зависимости от генотипа изучаемого селекционного материала лука. Наибольшее снижение естественного веса наблюдалось в образцах ON517 – 32,1%, ON516 – 26,5%, ON533 – 24,2% и ON336 – 17,7%, а самое низкое – в образцах ON431 – 4,6%, ON486 – 4,0% и ON327 – 3,4%. Корреляционный анализ показал слабую связь между параметрами урожайности лука и его сохраняемостью (R = -0,10-0,24). Сохраняемость обусловливалась в большей степени естественным снижением веса (R = -0,59), мокрой гнилью луковицы (R = -0,59) и прорастанием луковиц (R = -0,69)

ОЦЕНКА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ГЕНОТИПОВ МОРКОВИ СТОЛОВОЙ В КОЛЛЕКЦИОННОМ ПИТОМНИКЕ ИСХОДНЫХ ФОРМ

The investigations were conducted on the fields of the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing located on the northern slope of the Zailiysky Alatau, 40 km to the west of Almaty city, under irrigation conditions. The soil of the experimental site is dark chestnut with medium-loamy structure. 37 carrot accessions with different geographic origins were the object of the study in the nursery of the initial breeding forms to evaluate their productivity and field resistance to foliar diseases such as Alternaria, Powdery Mildew. When symptoms expressed maximally 1.5 months before the harvest of carrot, visual assessment of leaf surface damaged by foliar infections was carried out according to the scale of infection, where 0 meant no damaged leaves; 1 meant very light damage (1-10% of leaves); 2 meant light damage (11-25% of leaves); 3 meant medium damage (26-50% of leaves); 4 meant severe damage (over 51% of leaves). The visual observation showed that two breeding accessions CR00655 and CR01253 had immunity to powdery mildew that maximally spread out over other carrot accessions approaching of 100% of damage of leaf surface with the score from 1.8 to 3.8 points, when disease developing from 45.0 to 93.8%. Alternaria spread on carrot plants not very intensively, only 17% of plants in the nursery were hardly attacked at 0.1-0.4 points as scored. The correlation analysis showed the absence of any link between characteristics of productivity and damage parameters caused by foliar diseases at r=0,005-0,225. Исследования проводили на полях Казахского научноисследовательского института картофелеводства и овощеводства, расположенных на северном склоне Заилийского Алатау в 40 км к западу от города Алматы в условиях орошения. Почва опытного участка темно-каштановая, среднесуглинистая. Объектом исследований в коллекционном питомнике служили 37 образцов моркови столовой с различным географическим происхождением с целью их полевой оценки на устойчивость к листовым заболеваниям – альтернариозу и мучнистой росе и на продуктивность. За 1,5 месяца до уборки корнеплодов моркови, когда наблюдалось максимальное проявление симптомов болезней, проводили визуальную оценку поражаемости листовой поверхности образцов листовыми заболеваниями по шкале (в баллах): 0 – признаки заболевания отсутствуют; 1 – очень слабое поражение (1-10% листьев); 2 – слабое поражение (1125% листьев); 3 – среднее поражение (26-50% листьев); 4 – сильное поражение (более 51% листьев). Визуальная оценка показала, что два образца CR00655 и CR01253 проявили иммунное свойство к мучнистой росе, которая на других образцах распространялась в максимальной степени, достигнув 100%-го поражения листовой поверхности образцов, с баллом поражения от 1,8 до 3,8 балла и при степени развития болезни от 45,0 до 93,8%. Альтернариоз распространялся на растениях в значительно меньшей степени – болезнью было охвачено 17 образцов питомника с очень слабым поражением – 0,10,4 баллов. Корреляционный анализ показал отсутствие связи между продуктивными характеристиками и показателями поражения листовыми болезнями (r=0,005-0,225).

Modular prediction of protein structural classes from sequences of twilight-zone identity with predicting sequences

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Knowledge of structural class is used by numerous methods for identification of structural/functional characteristics of proteins and could be used for the detection of remote homologues, particularly for chains that share twilight-zone similarity. In contrast to existing sequence-based structural class predictors, which target four major classes and which are designed for high identity sequences, we predict seven classes from sequences that share twilight-zone identity with the training sequences.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The proposed MODular Approach to Structural class prediction (MODAS) method is unique as it allows for selection of any subset of the classes. MODAS is also the first to utilize a novel, custom-built feature-based sequence representation that combines evolutionary profiles and predicted secondary structure. The features quantify information relevant to the definition of the classes including conservation of residues and arrangement and number of helix/strand segments. Our comprehensive design considers 8 feature selection methods and 4 classifiers to develop Support Vector Machine-based classifiers that are tailored for each of the seven classes. Tests on 5 twilight-zone and 1 high-similarity benchmark datasets and comparison with over two dozens of modern competing predictors show that MODAS provides the best overall accuracy that ranges between 80% and 96.7% (83.5% for the twilight-zone datasets), depending on the dataset. This translates into 19% and 8% error rate reduction when compared against the best performing competing method on two largest datasets. The proposed predictor provides accurate predictions at 58% accuracy for membrane proteins class, which is not considered by majority of existing methods, in spite that this class accounts for only 2% of the data. Our predictive model is analyzed to demonstrate how and why the input features are associated with the corresponding classes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The improved predictions stem from the novel features that express collocation of the secondary structure segments in the protein sequence and that combine evolutionary and secondary structure information. Our work demonstrates that conservation and arrangement of the secondary structure segments predicted along the protein chain can successfully predict structural classes which are defined based on the spatial arrangement of the secondary structures. A web server is available at <url>http://biomine.ece.ualberta.ca/MODAS/</url>.</p

EVALUATION OF VARIOUS GENOTYPES OF CARROTS IN THE NURSERY OF INITIAL BREEDING FORMS

The investigations were conducted on the fields of the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing located on the northern slope of the Zailiysky Alatau, 40 km to the west of Almaty city, under irrigation conditions. The soil of the experimental site is dark chestnut with medium-loamy structure. 37 carrot accessions with different geographic origins were the object of the study in the nursery of the initial breeding forms to evaluate their productivity and field resistance to foliar diseases such as Alternaria, Powdery Mildew. When symptoms expressed maximally 1.5 months before the harvest of carrot, visual assessment of leaf surface damaged by foliar infections was carried out according to the scale of infection, where 0 meant no damaged leaves; 1 meant very light damage (1-10% of leaves); 2 meant light damage (11-25% of leaves); 3 meant medium damage (26-50% of leaves); 4 meant severe damage (over 51% of leaves). The visual observation showed that two breeding accessions CR00655 and CR01253 had immunity to powdery mildew that maximally spread out over other carrot accessions approaching of 100% of damage of leaf surface with the score from 1.8 to 3.8 points, when disease developing from 45.0 to 93.8%. Alternaria spread on carrot plants not very intensively, only 17% of plants in the nursery were hardly attacked at 0.1-0.4 points as scored. The correlation analysis showed the absence of any link between characteristics of productivity and damage parameters caused by foliar diseases at r=0,005-0,225

CREATION AND EVALUATION OF THE VARIETAL-LINEAR HYBRIDS OF ONION IN KAZAKHSTAN

The experiments were conducted in 2015-2017 on the experimental fields of the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing located on the northern slope of the Zailiysky Alatau, 40 km to the west of the city of Almaty, under irrigation conditions. The aim of the research was a comprehensive field assessment of selective onion samples with sterile cytoplasm from onion Galantum and their derivatives – varietal-linear hybrids obtained by pollination with domestic cultivars. Visual assessment, which was conducted on the background of natural disease infection, showed that 20 accessions of onions had a very weak susceptibility to peronosporosis (1-10% of leaves); 63 – weak susceptibility (11-25% of the leaves); 91 - average susceptibility (26- 50% of leaves); 118 – severe susceptibility (more than 51% of the leaves). As the results of the research showed, onion accessions differed significantly in terms of productivity: the gross yield varied from 13,3 to 83,6 t/ha, the commodity yields ranged from 10,6 to 78,3 t/ha, and the marketability ranged from 65,4 up to 98,8%. Yield level above 70 t/ha had breeding accessions with sterile cytoplasm from onion Galanthum: ON518, ON533, ON519 and ON516, amounting to 83,6; 75,3; 74,2 and 73,4 t/ha, respectively. Very high marketability of bulbs had breeding accessions ON171 – 98,8%, ON439 – 97,6% and ON158 – 96,8%. The value of storage losses varied depending on the genotype of the selected onion breeding material. The greatest physiological reduction in weight was observed in the accessions ON517 – 32,1%, ON516 – 26,5%, ON533 – 24,2% and ON336 – 17,7%, and the lowest - in the accessions ON431 – 4,6%, ON486 – 4,0% and ON327 – 3,4%. The correlation analysis showed a weak relationship between the parameters of the onion yield and its storabilioty (R = -0,10-0,24). Storability was mainly due to the physiological reduction in weight (R = -0,59), bulb soft rot (R = -0,59) and bulb sprouting (R = -0,69)

ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF TABLE BEET FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND STORABILITY

The experiments were performed during the two successive seasons of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 at the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan. The experiment was aimed to study the efficiency of 117 different beetroot accessions for productivity and storability. To study the storability, 20 beetroot roots without any external sings of diseases were taken in two replications from each variety accession and left to be stored. The wet fresh weight of beetroots placed into storage varied from 132 g to 320 g depending on the shape and the size of roots. Beetroots were stored in polypropylene bags, which were placed on barred shelves 30-35 cm high. The storing temperature in autumn and spring period of time fluctuated from 3-5o to 6-8°, but in winter period it was 1-2°. The observed results showed that the gross yield of beetroot accessions ranged from 25.0 to 105.4 t/ha, marketable yield – 16.7 to 74.9 t/ha, marketability – 33.8 to 97.2%. Storability of beet roots mostly depended on accession genotype with different natural decrease of weight and root rot diseases. Natural decrease of weight varied from 0.0 to 12.3%, total losses from root diseases were from 0.0 to 90.0%. The analysis carried out showed that the link between yield capacity and storage characteristics was weak, R= -0,042-0,144. The correlation between storability and root rot was R = -0,516-0,644, that was stronger than it was in natural decrease of weight, R = -0.115