4,440 research outputs found
Quantum simulation of exotic PT-invariant topological nodal loop bands with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice
Since the well-known PT symmetry has its fundamental significance and
implication in physics, where PT denotes the combined operation of
space-inversion P and time-reversal T, it is extremely important and intriguing
to completely classify exotic PT-invariant topological metals and to physically
realize them. Here we, for the first time, establish a rigorous classification
of topological metals that are protected by the PT symmetry using KO-theory. As
a physically realistic example, a PT-invariant nodal loop (NL) model in a 3D
Brillouin zone is constructed, whose topological stability is revealed through
its PT-symmetry-protected nontrivial Z2 topological charge. Based on these
exact results, we propose an experimental scheme to realize and to detect
tunable PT-invariant topological NL states with ultracold atoms in an optical
lattice, in which atoms with two hyperfine spin states are loaded in a
spin-dependent 3D OL and two pairs of Raman lasers are used to create
out-of-plane spin-flip hopping with site-dependent phase. Such a realistic
cold-atom setup can yield topological NL states, having a tunable ring-shaped
band-touching line with the two-fold degeneracy in the bulk spectrum and
non-trivial surface states. The states are actually protected by the combined
PT symmetry even in the absence of both P and T symmetries, and are
characterized by a Z2-type invariant (a quantized Berry phase). Remarkably, we
demonstrate with numerical simulations that (i) the characteristic NL can be
detected by measuring the atomic transfer fractions in a Bloch-Zener
oscillation; (ii) the topological invariant may be measured based on the
time-of-flight imaging; and (iii) the surface states may be probed through
Bragg spectroscopy. The present proposal for realizing topological NL states in
cold atom systems may provide a unique experimental platform for exploring
exotic PT-invariant topological physics.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Making topologically trivial non-Hermitian systems non-trivial via gauge fields
Non-Hermiticity significantly enriches the concepts of symmetry and topology
in physics. Particularly, non-Hermiticity gives rise to the ramified
symmetries, where the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian is transformed to
. For time-reversal () and sublattice symmetries, there are six
ramified symmetry classes leading to novel topological classifications with
various non-Hermitian skin effects. As artificial crystals are the main
experimental platforms for non-Hermitian physics, there exists the symmetry
barrier for realizing topological physics in the six ramified symmetry classes:
While artificial crystals are in spinless classes with , nontrivial
classifications dominantly appear in spinful classes with . Here, we
present a general mechanism to cross the symmetry barrier. With an internal
parity symmetry , the square of the combination can be
modified by appropriate gauge fluxes. Using the general mechanism, we
systematically construct spinless models for all non-Hermitian spinful
topological phases in one and two dimensions, which are experimentally
realizable. Our work suggests that gauge structures may significantly enrich
non-Hermitian physics at the fundamental level.Comment: 6+10 pages, 3+6 pages. Accepted for publication in Physical Review
Letter
Theory of competing Chern-Simons orders and emergent phase transitions
Based on the Chern-Simons fermionization of spin-1/2 operators, we propose a
systematic framework to investigate the competition between emergent phases in
frustrated two-dimensional XY quantum magnets. Application of the method to the
antiferromagnetic honeycomb spin-1/2 - XY model reveals an
unconventional phase transition between two Chern-Simons orders: the
Chern-Simons superconductor and the exciton insulator of Chern-Simons fermions.
We show that in the spin language, this transition translates to the transition
from the planar N\'{e}el state to the non-uniform chiral spin-liquid that was
proposed earlier in the literature. Namely, the Chern-Simons superconductor
describes the planar N\'{e}el state, while the Chern-Simons exciton insulator
corresponds to the non-uniform chiral spin-liquid. These results are further
confirmed by our high-precision tensor network calculation, which provides the
first numerical evidence for the transition from N\'{e}el order to a
non-uniform chiral spin-liquid. We argue that the developed method can be
applied to other frustrated quantum magnets of XXZ type and can detect
unconventional phase transitions.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, supplemental material include
Hermitian Topologies originating from non-Hermitian braidings
The complex energy bands of non-Hermitian systems braid in momentum space
even in one dimension. Here, we reveal that the non-Hermitian braiding
underlies the Hermitian topological physics with chiral symmetry under a
general framework that unifies Hermitian and non-Hermitian systems.
Particularly, we derive an elegant identity that equates the linking number
between the knots of braiding non-Hermitian bands and the zero-energy loop to
the topological invariant of chiral-symmetric topological phases in one
dimension. Moreover, we find an exotic class of phase transitions arising from
the critical point transforming different knot structures of the non-Hermitian
braiding, which are not included in the conventional Hermitian topological
phase transition theory. Nevertheless, we show the bulk-boundary correspondence
between the bulk non-Hermitian braiding and boundary zero-modes of the
Hermitian topological insulators. Finally, we construct typical topological
phases with non-Hermitian braidings, which can be readily realized by
artificial crystals.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Coupled node similarity learning for community detection in attributed networks
© 2018 by the authors. Attributed networks consist of not only a network structure but also node attributes. Most existing community detection algorithms only focus on network structures and ignore node attributes, which are also important. Although some algorithms using both node attributes and network structure information have been proposed in recent years, the complex hierarchical coupling relationships within and between attributes, nodes and network structure have not been considered. Such hierarchical couplings are driving factors in community formation. This paper introduces a novel coupled node similarity (CNS) to involve and learn attribute and structure couplings and compute the similarity within and between nodes with categorical attributes in a network. CNS learns and integrates the frequency-based intra-attribute coupled similarity within an attribute, the co-occurrence-based inter-attribute coupled similarity between attributes, and coupled attribute-to-structure similarity based on the homophily property. CNS is then used to generate the weights of edges and transfer a plain graph to a weighted graph. Clustering algorithms detect community structures that are topologically well-connected and semantically coherent on the weighted graphs. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of CNS-based community detection algorithms on several data sets by comparing with the state-of-the-art node similarity measures, whether they involve node attribute information and hierarchical interactions, and on various levels of network structure complexity
Hidden itinerant-spin phase in heavily-overdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 revealed by dilute Fe doping: A combined neutron scattering and angle-resolved photoemission study
We demonstrated experimentally a direct way to probe a hidden propensity to
the formation of spin density wave (SDW) in a non-magnetic metal with strong
Fermi surface nesting. Substituting Fe for a tiny amount of Cu (1%) induced an
incommensurate magnetic order below 20 K in heavily-overdoped La2-xSrxCuO4
(LSCO). Elastic neutron scattering suggested that this order cannot be ascribed
to the localized spins on Cu or doped Fe. Angle-resolved photoemission
spectroscopy (ARPES), combined with numerical calculations, revealed a strong
Fermi surface nesting inherent in the pristine LSCO that likely drives this
order. The heavily-overdoped Fe-doped LSCO thus represents the first plausible
example of the long-sought "itinerant-spin extreme" of cuprates, where the
spins of itinerant doped holes define the magnetic ordering ground state. This
finding complements the current picture of cuprate spin physics that highlights
the predominant role of localized spins at lower dopings. The demonstrated set
of methods could potentially apply to studying hidden density-wave
instabilities of other "nested" materials on the verge of density wave
ordering.Comment: Abstract and discussion revised; to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
P05.13. Development of the phlegm syndrome questionnaire: a new instruction to assess traditional Chinese medicine syndrome for angina
First Principles Studies on 3-Dimentional Strong Topological Insulators: Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3 and Sb2Te3
Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 compounds are recently predicted to be
3-dimentional (3D) strong topological insulators. In this paper, based on
ab-initio calculations, we study in detail the topological nature and the
surface states of this family compounds. The penetration depth and the
spin-resolved Fermi surfaces of the surface states will be analyzed. We will
also present an procedure, from which highly accurate effective Hamiltonian can
be constructed, based on projected atomic Wannier functions (which keep the
symmetries of the systems). Such Hamiltonian can be used to study the
semi-infinite systems or slab type supercells efficiently. Finally, we discuss
the 3D topological phase transition in Sb2(Te1-xSex)3 alloy system.Comment: 8 pages,17 figure
Comparing the prediction of prostate biopsy outcome using the Chinese Prostate Cancer Consortium (CPCC) Risk Calculator and the Asian adapted Rotterdam European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) Risk Calculator in Chinese and European men
Purpose: To externally validate the clinical utility of Chinese Prostate Cancer Consortium Risk Calculator (CPCC-RC) and Asian adapted Rotterdam European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer Risk Calculator 3 (A-ERSPC-RC3) for prediction prostate cancer (PCa) and high-grade prostate cancer (HGPCa, Gleason Score ≥ 3 + 4) in both Chinese and European populations. Materials and methods: The Chinese clinical cohort, the European population-based screening cohort, and the European clinical cohort included 2,508, 3,616 and 617 prostate biopsy-naive men, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plot and decision curve analyses were applied in the analysis. Results: The CPCC-RC’s predictive ability for any PCa (AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.75–0.79) was lower than the A-ERSPC-RC3 (AUC 0.79, 95% CI 0.77–0.81) in the European screening cohort (p < 0.001), but similar for HGPCa (p = 0.24). The CPCC-RC showed lower predictive accuracy for any PCa (AUC 0.65, 95% CI 0.61–0.70), but acceptable predictive accuracy for HGPCa (AUC 0.73, 95% CI 0.69–0.77) in the European clinical cohort. The A-ERSPC-RC3 showed an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI 0.72–0.76) in predicting any PCa, and a similar AUC of 0.74 (95% CI 0.72–0.76) in predicting HGPCa in Chinese cohort. In the Chinese population, decision curve analysis revealed a higher net benefit for CPCC-RC than A-ERSPC-RC3, while in the European screening and clinical cohorts, the net benefit was higher for A-ERSPC-RC3. Conclusions: The A-ERSPC-RC3 accurately predict the prostate biopsy in a contemporary Chinese multi-center clinical cohort. The CPCC-RC can predict accurately in a population-based screening cohort, but not in the European clinical cohort
Association between right ventricular strain and outcomes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Objective To explore the association between three-dimensional (3D) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking (FT) right ventricular peak global longitudinal strain (RVpGLS) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with stage C or D heart failure (HF) with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) but without atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Comprehensive clinical and biochemical analysis and CMR imaging were performed. All patients were followed up for MACEs. Results A total of 192 patients (age 53±14 years) were eligible for this study. A combination of cardiovascular death and cardiac transplantation occurred in 18 subjects during the median follow-up of 567 (311, 920) days. Brain natriuretic peptide, creatinine, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume, LV end-systolic volume, right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic volume and RVpGLS from CMR were associated with the outcomes. The multivariate Cox regression model adjusting for traditional risk factors and CMR variables detected a significant association between RVpGLS and MACEs in patients with stage C or D HF with NIDCM without AF. Kaplan-Meier analysis based on RVpGLS cut-off value revealed that patients with RVpGLS <−8.5% showed more favourable clinical outcomes than those with RVpGLS ≥−8.5% (p=0.0037). Subanalysis found that this association remained unchanged. Conclusions RVpGLS-derived from 3D CMR FT is associated with a significant prognostic impact in patients with NIDCM with stage C or D HF and without AF
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