The relationship between different diet quality indices and severity of airflow obstruction among COPD patients

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Smoking is the number one cause of COPD; however, genetic, environmental and dietary factors contribute to the etiology of this disease. In this study, we assessed the association between three diet quality indices -the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005), the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), and Mediterranean Diet Score (MED)- and the severity of disease in COPD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Rasul-e-Akram Hospital in Tehran on 121 COPD patients with the mean age of (SD) of 66.1(10.9) years. A pulmonary specialist diagnosed all participants based on a spirometry test. They were categorized into four groups (1, 2, 3, 4 stages of disease). Three diet quality indices, spirometry test and determination of disease severity were performed for all the participants. ANCOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to assess the relationship between dietary quality indices and severity of the disease. The relationship between HEI-2010, HEI-2005, MED score, their components and lung function was assessed using a multiple linear regression analysis. All analyses were done using SPSS 18. Results: Reduction of the Healthy Eating Index-2010 and MED score were observed along with the increase in disease severity, but they were not significant. The relationship between the three diet quality indices and lung function showed a significant association between MED score and Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), The Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) (β=2.9, 95 CI (1.1, 4.8), p=0.002), (β=2.8, 95 CI (0.9, 4.8), p=0.007), respectively. Conclusion: Mediterranean dietary pattern and obtaining a better score on HEI-2010 diet were associated with a better lung function test

The effects of supplementation with vitamin D on inflammatory biomarkers, omentin, and vaspin in women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a global problem that increases the risk of inflammation and hormonal dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin D on inflammatory biomarkers, omentin, and vaspin in diabetic women with anxiety. In this study, 51 women with T2DM were allocated to receive one oral pearl of 50,000 IU vitamin D3 (26) or a placebo (25) fortnightly for 16 weeks. Anthropometric indices, dietary intake, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), vaspin, and omentin were measured at the baseline and after 16-weeks supplementation. Serum hs- CRP was reduced (p = 0.01) and IL-10 concentrations was increased (p = 0.04) in intervention group. Vitamin D marginally increased serum levels of omentin (p = 0.06), however, vaspin did not change post-intervention. According to subgroup analysis, omentin levels increased significantly in participants with lower baseline serum vitamin D (p = 0.008). Vitamin D can improve anti-inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic patients. Practical applications: Diabetes is prevalent in the world. Inflammation in diabetic patients causes other chronic diseases such as cardio vascular disease. Adipose tissue contributes to the regulation of metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Two hormones secreted from adipose tissue that play an important role in insulin function and anti-inflammatory activity. Vitamin D, can improve insulin sensitivity and inflammation via effects on the adipocytokines secretion. For the first time, a trial study conducted to determine the effect of vitamin D on inflammation and the serum levels of omentin and vaspin