Can a combination of lifestyle and clinical characteristics explain the presence of foot ulcer in patients with diabetes?

Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the biomechanical, neurological and clinical parameters along with other demographics and life style risk factors that could explain the presence of foot ulcer in patients with diabetes in Africa. Methods: A total of 1270 (M/F:696/574) patients; 77(M/F:53/24) with ulcerated vs 1193 (M/F: 643/550) with non-ulcerated feet; participated in this study. A set of 28 parameters were collected and compared between the participants with and without active foot ulcers. Multivariate logistic regression was utilised to develop an explanatory model for foot ulceration. Results: Foot swelling (χ2(1,n=1270)=265.9,P=0.000,Phi=0.464) and impaired sensation to monofilament (χ2(2,n=1270)=114.2,P=0.000,Cramer’sV=0.300) showed strong association with presence of ulceration. A lower Temperature sensitivity to cold stimuli and limited ankle joint mobility were observed to be significant (P<0.05) contributors to ulceration. The logistic regression model can justify the presence of foot ulceration with 95.3% diagnostic accuracy, 99.1 % specificity and 37.3% sensitivity. Conclusion: Participants with ulcerated foot show distinct characteristics in few foot related parameters. Swollen foot, limited ankle mobility, and peripheral sensory neuropathy were significant characteristics of patients with diabetic foot ulcer. One out of three patients with ulcerated foot showed common characteristics that could be justified by the model

Associating ground magnetometer observations with current or voltage generators

A circuit analogy for magnetosphere‐ionosphere current systems has two extremes for drivers of ionospheric currents: ionospheric electric fields/voltages constant while current/conductivity vary—the “voltage generator”—and current constant while electric field/conductivity vary—the “current generator.” Statistical studies of ground magnetometer observations associated with dayside Transient High Latitude Current Systems (THLCS) driven by similar mechanisms find contradictory results using this paradigm: some studies associate THLCS with voltage generators, others with current generators. We argue that most of this contradiction arises from two assumptions used to interpret ground magnetometer observations: (1) measurements made at fixed position relative to the THLCS field‐aligned current and (2) negligible auroral precipitation contributions to ionospheric conductivity. We use observations and simulations to illustrate how these two assumptions substantially alter expectations for magnetic perturbations associated with either a current or a voltage generator. Our results demonstrate that before interpreting ground magnetometer observations of THLCS in the context of current/voltage generators, the location of a ground magnetometer station relative to the THLCS field‐aligned current and the location of any auroral zone conductivity enhancements need to be taken into account.Key PointsConductivity and location assumptions used to interpret ground magnetic perturbations yield conflicting resultsHigh‐latitude currents associated with voltage generators may instead be associated with current generators, and vice versaWithout better constraints on conductivity/station location relative to currents, conflicts will not be resolvedPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138366/1/jgra53632.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138366/2/jgra53632_am.pd

Studies on Properties of Ag\Al 2 O 3 Nanocomposite Synthesized by Solution Combustion Technique Under Novel Condition

Abstract Ag\Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite were synthesized by solution combustion Technique using ammonium carbonate as a new fuel under simultaneous combustion of alumina and silver particles condition. Samples prepared with different amount of silver, were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM and optical Absorption measurements. XRD analysis was used to determine the change in phase and size of the synthesized nanoparticle with adding silver. BET analysis showed that added silver reduced specific surface but which is still suitable for catalytic application. BJH analysis showed that pores in Ag/Al 2 O 3 nano composite are mesoporous and in Al2O3 nano particles is microporous. TEM and SEM showed that silver was distributed completely homogenously in pores of Alumina, and didn&apos;t change in surface of Alumina. Optical transmission showed the different existence of different Ag species. JNS All rights reserved Article history

Incidence and mortality of breast cancer and Human development Index: An updated study on the Asian population in 2018

Objective: The incidence of breast cancer is rising rapidly and is a major concern for women's health worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of incidence and mortality of breast cancer and its relation to the Human Development Index (HDI) in Asia in the year 2018. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study that is based on extraction of cancer incidence data and cancer mortality rates from the GLOBOCAN in 2018. The incidence and mortality rates and breast cancer distribution maps were drawn for Asia. To analyze data, the researchers used correlation test to evaluate the correlation between the incidence and mortality with HDI. The statistical analysis was carried out by Stata-14 and the significance level was estimated at the level of 0.05. Materials and Methods: The results of recorded cancer data in 2018 showed that Lebanon (97.6 per 100,000) had the highest incidence and Syrian Arab Republic (26.9 per 100,000) had the highest mortality rate in Asia. There was a significant positive correlation between the incidence rate (R = 0.533, P 0.05) between mortality of breast cancer with the HDI which was not statistically significant. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between the incidence rate and GNI (r = 0.32, P <0.05), MYS (r = 0.403, P <0.001), LEB (r = 0.613, P <0.001) and EYS (r = 0.32, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of breast cancer rises with the increase in the level of the HDI in Asia. On the other hand, the observed correlation between incidence rates and education level, gross national income and life expectancy may indicate that screening and early detection of the disease were higher in Asian countries than in countries with low HDI. There may be risk factors associated with higher incidence rates in these countries

WORLDWIDE INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY OF COLORECTAL CANCER AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI): AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI) in 2018. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytic study that is based on the extraction of cancer incidence and mortality data from the GLOBOCAN 2018. Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between incidence (R=0.722, p<0.0001) and mortality (R=0.62, p<0.0001) of colorectal cancer with HDI. There was found a positive and significant correlation between the incidence of cancer with GNI (r=0.564, p<0.0001), MYS (r=0.732, p<0.0001), LEB (r=0.706, p<0.0001) and EYS (r=0.754, p<0.0001). Conclusions: HDI can be important in reducing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer

Relation between obesity prevalence and the human development index and its components: an updated study on the Asian population

Aim Obesity is a public health problem, and all high-, low- and middle-income countries face it worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of obesity and its relation to the Human Development Index in Asian countries in 2016. Subjects and methods This is an ecological study. The data required were the HDI and the prevalence of obesity (BMI >= 30) in adults > 18 years of age, obtained from the World Bank (). Two-way correlation and analysis of variance were used at a significance level 18 years living in the American and the lowest was found for those in Southeast Asia. The results showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between the prevalence of obesity in males (r = 0.486, P 0.05). The highest mean prevalence of obesity in males (20.6 +/- 11.8) and in females (26.3 +/- 16.2) was linked to a very high human development index. Conclusion According to the results, the prevalence of obesity among males and females in the Asian continent is higher in countries with a high HDI, indicating the presence of obesity-related factors in these countries. Therefore, attention to lifestyle and physical activity as risk factors for obesity can be effective in reducing the prevalence of obesity in these countries

Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Asian female population and human development index (HDI): an ecological study

OBJECTIVE: Anemia is a major problem in developing countries, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the human development index (HDI) and the prevalence of anemia among Asian women. METHODS: This was a descriptive-analytic ecological study. The study analyzed data including HDI and prevalence of anemia extracted from the World Bank. The correlation coefficient and analysis of variance were used for data analysis. The significance level was considered to be less than 0.05. Analyses were performed using Stata-14 software. RESULTS: The results revealed that the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age (R=-0.626, P<0.001), pregnant women (R=-0.576, P<0.001) and non-pregnant women (R=-0.623, P<0.0001) was significantly negatively correlated with HDI index. In the analysis of HDI components and the prevalence of anemia, a significant negative correlation was observed between the prevalence of anemia and the mean years of schooling, life expectancy at birth, and expected years of schooling indices in all 3 groups of women (non-pregnant, pregnant, and of reproductive age) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Since there was a negative correlation between the prevalence of anemia in women and HDI, paying greater attention to factors which influence anemia may contribute to the prevention of anemia in developing countries

Association between the incidence and mortality rates for corpus uteri cancer and human development index (HDI): a global ecological study

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between the incidence of and mortality due to corpus uteri cancer (CUC) and the human development index (HDI) across the world. Methods: This was an ecological study. The incidence and mortality rates of CUC along with HDI data were extracted from the Global Cancer Data in 2018. Subsequently, correlation coefficient and linear regression model were used to determine the association between the incidence and mortality rates of CUC and the HDI. STATA-14 was used for data analysis. Results: There was a positive and significant correlation between the incidence (r=0.693; P<0.001) and mortality (r=0.284; P<0.001) rates of uterine cancer and the HDI. A positive and significant correlation was also observed between the incidence rate and the gross national income per 1,000 capita (r=0.440; P<0.001), mean years of schooling (MYS) (r=0.740; P<0.001), life expectancy at birth (LEB) (r=0.590; P<0.001), and expected years of schooling (r=0.650; P<0.001). The results of the linear regression model showed a significant statistical association between MYS and the incidence of CUC (beta=1.10; 95 confidence interval CI, 0.60-1.70) and LEB and mortality due to uteri cancer (beta=0.40; 95% CI, 0.10-0.90). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest a significant statistical association between the incidence and mortality rates of CUC and the HDI

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY OF BREAST CANCER AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI): AN ECOLOGY STUDY IN 2018

Objective: Cancer is one of the reasons for the increased burden of disease in the coming decades. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology, incidence and mortality of breast cancer and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI). Materials and Methods: Data about the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer for the year 2018 was obtained from the Global Cancer Project for 185 countries. To analyze data, correlation test and regression tests were used to evaluate the correlation between the incidence and mortality with HDI. The statistical analysis was carried out by Stata-14 and the significance level was estimated at the level of 0.05. Results: According to cancer registry data in 2018, the highest incidence of breast cancer in the world was observed in the countries of Belgium (11.23 per 100,000) and Luxembourg (109.3 per 100,000), and the highest mortality rate for Fiji (36.9 per 100,000) and Barbados (33.1 per 100,000). Our study showed a positive and significant correlation between incidence (r=0.724, p 0.05) and HDI. Linear regression showed that increasing MYS (B=2.02, p<0.05) increased the incidence and increase of EYS (B=-1.1, p<0.05) and significantly decreased mortality. Conclusions: The incidence of breast cancer in developed countries and its death in less developed countries is high. Increasing the HDI, along with the increased screening program in these countries, can help to identify and reduce the mortality of this disease. Increasing the level of education and awareness of women is also one of the health priorities in this area that can be effective in reducing mortality in patient