Liposomes: a new non-pharmacological therapy concept for seasonal-allergic-rhinoconjunctivitis

Mucosal barrier disorders play an important role in the pathomechanism of the allergic disease. A new approach for their treatment uses liposomes, which consist of phospholipids that make up 75% of the protective nasal surfactant layer. Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of liposomal-based therapy, as a comprehensive treatment alternative to guideline cromoglycate-based therapy, in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR). We compared nasal and conjunctival symptom reduction with LipoNasal n nasal spray used as monotherapy (LNM), or LipoNasal n nasal spray and Tears Again eye spray combination therapy (LTC), against standard cromoglycate combination therapy (CGC). This prospective, controlled, open observational study was conducted monocentrically. According to their symptoms and preferences 72 patients with SAR were distributed in three equal groups. The study comprised two visits at an interval of 7 days. The efficacy was examined by daily documenting nasal and conjunctival symptom scores. The Nasal-Spray-Sensory-Scale and the Eye-Drops/Spray-Sensory-Scale were used to investigate the tolerability. Quality of life (QoL) was evaluated, using the RHINASTHMA QoL German adapted version. LNM achieved significant improvement in nasal (p < 0.001) and conjunctival symptoms (p = 0.050). The symptom reduction using CGC was equally significant. LTC led to significant nasal symptom relief (p = 0.045). QoL did not improve significantly in all groups (p > 0.05). The tolerability of all treatments was good and no adverse reactions were observed. In all treatment groups the improvement of the nasal and conjunctival symptom scores exceeds the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). The results demonstrate good tolerability and efficacy of non-pharmaceutical liposomal-based treatment (LipoNasal n and Tears Again), given as monotherapy or combination therapy, for nasal and conjunctival symptoms caused by SAR. This study indicates that liposomal-based treatment for SAR may be a comparable alternative to cromoglycate therapy. Further studies are needed to verify these findings

Molecular Profiling Reveals Diversity of Stress Signal Transduction Cascades in Highly Penetrant Alzheimer's Disease Human Skin Fibroblasts

The serious and growing impact of the neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease (AD) as an individual and societal burden raises a number of key questions: Can a blanket test for Alzheimer's disease be devised forecasting long-term risk for acquiring this disorder? Can a unified therapy be devised to forestall the development of AD as well as improve the lot of present sufferers? Inflammatory and oxidative stresses are associated with enhanced risk for AD. Can an AD molecular signature be identified in signaling pathways for communication within and among cells during inflammatory and oxidative stress, suggesting possible biomarkers and therapeutic avenues? We postulated a unique molecular signature of dysfunctional activity profiles in AD-relevant signaling pathways in peripheral tissues, based on a gain of function in G-protein-coupled bradykinin B2 receptor (BKB2R) inflammatory stress signaling in skin fibroblasts from AD patients that results in tau protein Ser hyperphosphorylation. Such a signaling profile, routed through both phosphorylation and proteolytic cascades activated by inflammatory and oxidative stresses in highly penetrant familial monogenic forms of AD, could be informative for pathogenesis of the complex multigenic sporadic form of AD. Comparing stimulus-specific cascades of signal transduction revealed a striking diversity of molecular signaling profiles in AD human skin fibroblasts that express endogenous levels of mutant presenilins PS-1 or PS-2 or the Trisomy 21 proteome. AD fibroblasts bearing the PS-1 M146L mutation associated with highly aggressive AD displayed persistent BKB2R signaling plus decreased ERK activation by BK, correctible by gamma-secretase inhibitor Compound E. Lack of these effects in the homologous PS-2 mutant cells indicates specificity of presenilin gamma-secretase catalytic components in BK signaling biology directed toward MAPK activation. Oxidative stress revealed a JNK-dependent survival pathway in normal fibroblasts lost in PS-1 M146L fibroblasts. Complex molecular profiles of signaling dysfunction in the most putatively straightforward human cellular models of AD suggest that risk ascertainment and therapeutic interventions in AD as a whole will likely demand complex solutions

Creation of a design methodology for crank punching machines of specified durability

The article discusses the main aspects of designing large-forging equipment of given durability on the example of crank punching machines. A scientifically based algorithm is proposed to ensure reliable operation of the structure operating in the field of high-cycle fatigue. An example of calculations is given when designing a bed for a crank hot forging press (CHFP) and a crank plate forging press defined durability on the basis of existing structures. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

ЖЕНСКОЕ ЛИЦО РОССИЙСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ: Ф.Х. МУСТАФИНА

The vital and professional way, Fatyma Hamidovna Mustafina's (1913-1998) scientific researches, the minister of education of Bashkiria in 1955-1971 which milestones of the biography reflect history of our country and progress in development of domestic education is considered.Рассматривается жизненный и профессиональный путь, научные исследования Фатымы Хамидовны Мустафиной (1913-1998), министра просвеще-ния Башкирии в 1955-1971 гг., вехи биографии которой отражают историю нашей страны и успехи в развитии отечественного образования

HISTORICAL-PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCH OF PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF PRE-REVOLUTIONARY BASHKIRIA

Рецензируется монография Т.М. Аминова «История профессионального образования в Башкирии. Начало XVII века - 1917 год» (Уфа: Изд-во БГПУ, 2012. 296 с.), посвященная истории дореволюционного профессионального образования. Это исследование расширяет диапазон представлений о системе подготовки кадров среднего и низшего звена, ее специфики в условиях многонациональной Уфимской губернии, а также методологии историко-педагогического исследованияThe monograph of T.M. Aminov «History of professional education in Bashkortostan Beginning of the XVII century - 1917» (Ufa: Publishing house of the state pedagogical University, 2012. 296 p.) is reviewed, dedicated to the history of pre-revolutionary professional education. This study extends the range of views about the system of training of middle and lower levels, its specificity in the conditions of multinational province of Ufa, as well as the methodology of historical-pedagogical research

У ИСТОКОВ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ТАТАРСТАНЕ: КАЗАНСКИЙ УЧИТЕЛЬСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (1876-1918)

The pages of the history of the Genesis and development of teacher education in Tatarstan are opened, in particular, the history of the Kazan pedagogical Institute, which operated from 1876 to 1918 Analyzed a number of important issues of life Institute, summarizes the conditions of the functioning of educational institutions, problems and successes in quality training of teachers for primary schools.Раскрываются страницы истории генезиса и развития педагогического образования в Татарстане, в частности, истории Казанского учительского института, действовавшего с 1876 по 1918 гг. Анализируется ряд важных вопросов жизнедеятельности института, обобщаются условия функционирования учебного заведения, проблемы и успехи в качественной подготовке педагогических кадров для начальной школы

Possibilities of quantitative sensory testingto assess dysfunction of small fibers in patients with compression lumbo-sacralradiculitis

Surveyed 55 patients with clinical displays of neuropathic pain syndrome in consequence of compression radiculitis L5, S1 which has been proved by MRT/CT and pain questionnaires. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) was performed to assess loss of sensory function for two dermatome body areas (one affected and normal area): thermal detection thresholds for the perception of cold and warm, thermal pain thresholds for cold and warm stimuli. The results showed dysfunction of small fibers on affected low limb and unaffected low limb. There also were founded combination of cold hyperalgesia and allodinia and closely correlation of QST-parameters with questionnaires results

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ В СОЧЕТАНИИ С ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ, РАНЕЕ ПРЕБЫВАВШИХ В МЕСТАХ ЛИШЕНИЯ СВОБОДЫ

The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the efficiency of delivery of sociopsychological and legal care to former prisoners with tuberculosis concurrent with HIV infection. Examinations were made at the specialized unit of Tuberculosis Hospital Eleven. A total of 240 former prisoners with tuberculosis concurrent with HIV infection were examined. Active tuberculosis had developed in almost half (47.1%) of them when they were in prison and in 12.5% within the first two years after their release. In the remaining 40.4%, the incidence of tuberculosis was unassociated with their being in prison. Sociopsychological care was rendered to all these patients; a social reference was made for each patient and a direction of social rehabilitation was defined for each patient. A set of psychodiagnostic and psychocorrectional procedures traditionally used by medical psychologists when working with this patient contingent was employed to determine the specificity of psychological and behavioral characteristics in these patients. Main sociopsychological characteristics were identified to define the tasks of and volume of work on patient resocialization. As a result, a model was proposed for the multiprofessional interaction of specialists at a specialized hospital: a phthisiatrician, an infectiologist, physicians of other specialties, medical psychologists, social work specialists, a legal adviser, and occupational therapy instructors. The main directions of sociopsychological care, which could increase the efficiency of treatment, by enhancing patient adherence to treatment, were defined. The leading factor that changed attitudes towards treatment was to improve quality of life in patients and their psychoemotional status through resocialization with complete or partial recovery of a patient’s socioeconomic status (documentation, pension provision, and solution of housing problems.Цель работы - оценка эффективности организации и проведения социально-психологической и правовой помощи больным туберкулезом в сочетании с ВИЧ-инфекцией, ранее пребывавшим в местах лишения свободы (МЛС). Исследование проведено на базе специализированного отделения туберкулезной больницы № 11. Всего обследовано 240 больных туберкулезом и ВИЧ-инфекцией, пребывавших в МЛС. Активный туберкулез развился почти у половины из них (47,1%) во время пребывания в МЛС, у 12,5% - в течение первых двух лет после освобождения. У оставшихся 40,4% заболевание туберкулезом не связано с пребыванием в МЛС. Все эти больные были охвачены социально-психологической помощью, на каждого больного составлялась социальная характеристика, и для каждого определялось направление социальной реабилитации. Для определения специфичности психологических характеристик личности и особенностей поведения больных этой когорты использован набор психодиагностических и психокоррекционных методик, традиционно применяемых медицинскими психологами в работе с данным контингентом. Для определения задач, объема работы по ресоциализации пациентов выделены основные социально-психологические характеристики. В результате предложена модель многопрофессионального взаимодействия специалистов в профильной больнице: врача-фтизиатра, инфекциониста, врачей других специальностей, медицинских психологов, специалистов по социальной работе, юрисконсульта, инструкторов по трудотерапии. Определены основные направления социально-психологической помощи, дающие возможность повысить эффективность лечения за счет усиления приверженности больных к лечению. Ведущим фактором, изменившим отношение к лечению, было улучшение качества жизни пациентов и их психоэмоционального состояния за счет ресоциализации с полным или частичным восстановлением социально-экономического статуса пациента (документирование, пенсионное обеспечение, решение жилищных вопросов)