Prox1 Is Required for Granule Cell Maturation and Intermediate Progenitor Maintenance During Brain Neurogenesis

The transcription factor Prox1 plays a crucial role in intermediate progenitor maintenance and hippocampal neuron differentiation during adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus

Heart rate-reducing agents ivabradine and beta-adrenoblockers in the management of patients with stable effort angina

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading lethality cause in internal medicine. Up to 38% of the patients with coronary events die within the first year. Beta-adrenoblocker (BAB) therapy does not always provide adequate heart rate (HR) reduction. To reduce HR more effectively and, therefore, to increase anti-anginal effect, BAB could be combined with an If channel inhibitor (ivabradine). Effectiveness and safety of the ivabradine + BAB combination was studied in patients with effort angina. One clinical case is presented in detail

Терапия воспалительных заболеваний передней поверхности и придаточного аппарата глаза у детей в свете современных представлений о множественной лекарственной устойчивости возбудителей

Today, the problem of multiple resistance of pathogens to antibacterial drugs used in the treatment of pyoinflammatory diseases gains importance. At the same time much fewer new antibacterial drugs are registered now, as their investment prospects have become very poor. Hence, we need to maximally enhance the effectiveness of the drugs available on the market. Purpose: to determine the concentration of Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin in the tear after regular quantities of eye drops or ointments containing these antibacterial drugs have been instilled into the conjunctival sac, and to compare it with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the major pathogens of pyoinflammatory diseases of the anterior segment and the adnexa of children eyes. Material and methods. A randomized study was conducted, which involved 89 patients (100 eyes) aged 1 to 14 years with ocular pyoinflammatory diseases of the anterior segment and the adnexa. The leading pathogens of inflammation and their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs have been identified. A dynamic monitoring of Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin concentration in the tear was performed after eye ointment with these antibiotics had been placed into the conjunctival sac. Results. The leading pathogens of inflammatory diseases of the anterior segment and the adnexa in children turned out to be H. influensae (34 %), S. pneumonia (24 %), S. aureus (10 %). With the same sensitivity of the pathogens the eye ointment containing Ciprofloxacin (Oftocipro) shows better results of maintaining the concentration of the drug in the tear exceeding MIC for the leading inflammatory pathogens (H. influensae и S. aureus) of the anterior segment and the adnexa in children for 4 hours after the instillation, as compared to an Ofloxacin-containing ophthalmic ointment (Floxal) and eye drops containing Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion. Oftocipro eye ointment containing Ciprofloxacin is the preferable drug to be prescribed to children in need of the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the anterior segment and the adnexa of the eye // Russian ophthalmological journal. 2017; 10 (2): 87-90. (in Russian). doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2017-10-2-87-90

Clinical and laboratory validation and experience of picloxydine use in the treatment of neonatal dacryocystitis

Purpose: to improve the clinical and functional results of the treatment of dacryocystitis of newborns (DN) and to validate local antibiotic therapy of children with DN in laboratory conditions. Materials and methods. The study involved two groups of children with DN. Group 1 (275 eyes) consisted of children treated as outpatients without taking account of the microbial spectrum of pathogens and their sensitivity to antibiotics. They had been prescribed the following medications: tobramycin (70.0 %), chloramphenicol (31.3 %) and tetracycline (17.2 %). Group 2 (118 eyes) consisted of children who received treatment based on the microbial spectrum of pathogens and their sensitivity to antibiotics. In this case, the treatment included picloxydine (Vitabact). In both groups, the children’s age was similar: 3.12 ± 0.18 months and 3.63 ±0.19 months, respectively (р > 0.05). Results. The microbial spectrum of DN pathogens is represented by 24 species of microorganisms and microbial associations (5.6 %). The major pathogens were: S. epidermidis (27.6 %), S. aureus (19.3 %) and S. pneumonia (8.0 %). The best sensitivity (94.1 %) was revealed to picloxydine (Vitabact). The treatment resulted in the recovery without probing the lacrimal tract in 6.1 % of group 1 patients and in 31.8 % of group 2 patients. Relapses requiring a re-probing of the lacrimal tract affected 12.3 % in group 1 and no patients in group 2. Conclusion. A two-stage DN treatment plan was developed and tested using etiologically validated antibacterial medications. The treatment resulted in the recovery of 31.8 % of children without probing the lacrimal tract, and prevention of DN relapses requiring re-probing // Russian Ophthalmological Journal, 2017; 1: 69-72. doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2017-10-1-69-72

Duodenogastric refluх: a look at the problem in terms of carcinogenesis

The role of duodenogastric reflux (DGR) in malignant degeneration of the gastric mucosa. It was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to p53, PCNA, CD10, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, CD31 and the polymerase chain reaction to detect CDX1, CDX2, FXR genes. The main carcinogenic components of bile are lysolecithin and conjugated bile acids. Biliary reflux increases the risk of malignant tumors in combination with Helicobacter pylori. DGR is one of the etiological factors for gastric cancer, so it determines the necessity for detailed diagnosis in clinical practice

Long-term mortality risk in hospitalized patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction

Aim. Comparative assessment of laboratory and instrumental parameters of patients with heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction at admission and discharge from the hospital to determine the long-term mortality risk.Material and methods. The clinical outcomes of 117 patients with stage II-III  (Strazhesko-Vasilenko Classification) heart failure (64 men and 53 women) were studied. All patients admitted to the hospital underwent laboratory and instrumental examination. The average follow-up for patients after discharge from the hospital was 3 years (12 to 44 months). The long-term mortality risks of HF patients were compared according to the examination data upon admission and discharge from the hospital.Results. The long-term mortality risk factors of HF patients at admission are the levels of pro-brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) (risk 1,08, p=0,001), D-dimer (risk 1,062, p=0,018), urea (risk 1,048, p=0,016), creatinine (risk 1,006, p=0,016), alanine transaminase (risk 1,002, p=0,009). The long-term mortality risk factors of HF patients at discharge are urea (risk 1,141, p=0,001), N-terminal proBNP (risk 1,101, p=0,002), and the number of neutrophils (risk 1,064, p=0,002).Conclusion. There is a difference in risk factors for long-term mortality risk of HF patients at admission and discharge from the hospital