4,935 research outputs found
NMR Observation of Rattling Phonons in the Pyrochlore Superconductor KOs2O6
We report nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the beta-pyrochlore oxide
superconductor KOs2O6. The nuclear relaxation at the K sites is entirely caused
by fluctuations of electric field gradient, which we ascribe to highly
anharmonic low frequency oscillation (rattling) of K ions. A phenomenological
analysis shows a crossover from overdamped to underdamped behavior of the
rattling phonons with decreasing temperature and its sudden sharpening below
the superconducting transition temperature Tc. Absence of the Hebel-Slichter
peak in the relaxation rate at the O sites below Tc also indicates strong
electron-phonon coupling.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Extremely strong-coupling superconductivity and anomalous lattice properties in the beta-pyrochlore oxide KOs2O6
Superconducting and normal-state properties of the beta-pyrochlore oxide
KOs2O6 are studied by means of thermodynamic and transport measurements. It is
shown that the superconductivity is of conventional s-wave type and lies in the
extremely strong-coupling regime. Specific heat and resistivity measurements
reveal that there are characteristic low-energy phonons that give rise to
unusual scattering of carriers due to strong electron-phonon interactions. The
entity of the low-energy phonons is ascribed to the heavy rattling of the K ion
confined in an oversized cage made of OsO6 octahedra. It is suggested that this
electron-rattler coupling mediates the Cooper pairing, resulting in the
extremely strong-coupling superconductivity.Comment: 17 pages (only 4 pages included here. go to
http://hiroi.issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp/Published%20papers/K-SC6.pdf for full pages),
to be published in PR
The role of non-thermal plasma technique in NOx treatment : a review
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has been introduced over the past several years as a promising method for nitrogen oxide (NOx) removal. The intent, when using NTP, is to selectively transfer input electrical energy to the electrons, and to not expend this in heating the entire gas stream, which generates free radicals through collisions, and promotes the desired chemical changes in the exhaust gases. The generated active species react with the pollutant molecules and decompose them. This paper reviews and summarizes relevant literature regarding various aspects of the application of NTP technology on NOx removal from exhaust gases. A comprehensive description of available scientific literature on NOx removal using NTP technology is presented, including various types of NTP, e.g. dielectric barrier discharge, corona discharge and electron beam. Furthermore, the combination of NTP with catalyst and adsorbent for better NOx removal efficiency is presented in detail. The removal of NOx from both simulated gases and real diesel engines is also considered in this review paper. As NTP is a new technique and is not yet commercialized, there is a need for more studies to be performed in this field
Residual amplitude modulation in interferometric gravitational wave detectors
The effects of residual amplitude modulation (RAM) in laser interferometers using heterodyne sensing can be substantial and difficult to mitigate. In this work, we analyze the effects of RAM on a complex laser interferometer used for gravitational wave detection. The RAM introduces unwanted offsets in the cavity length signals and thereby shifts the operating point of the optical cavities from the nominal point via feedback control. This shift causes variations in the sensing matrix, and leads to degradation in the performance of the precision noise subtraction scheme of the multiple-degree-of-freedom control system. In addition, such detuned optical cavities produce an optomechanical spring, which also perturbs the sensing matrix. We use our simulations to derive requirements on RAM for the Advanced LIGO (aLIGO) detectors, and show that the RAM expected in aLIGO will not limit its sensitivity
Passive, free-space heterodyne laser gyroscope
Laser gyroscopes making use of the Sagnac effect have been used as highly accurate rotation sensors for many years. First used in aerospace and defense applications, these devices have more recently been used for precision seismology and in other research settings. In particular, mid-sized (~1 m-scale) laser gyros have been under development as tilt sensors to augment the adaptive active seismic isolation systems in terrestrial interferometric gravitational wave detectors. The most prevalent design is the 'active' gyroscope, in which the optical ring cavity used to measure the Sagnac degeneracy breaking is itself a laser resonator. In this article, we describe another topology: a 'passive' gyroscope, in which the sensing cavity is not itself a laser but is instead tracked using external laser beams. While subject to its own limitations, this design is free from the deleterious lock-in effects observed in active systems, and has the advantage that it can be constructed using commercially available components. We demonstrate that our device achieves comparable sensitivity to those of similarly sized active laser gyroscopes
Proof of the Pruning Front Conjecture for certain H\'enon parameters
The Pruning Front Conjecture is proved for an open set of H\'enon parameters
far from unimodal. More specifically, for an open subset of H\'enon parameter
space, consisting of two connected components one of which intersects the
area-preserving locus, it is shown that the associated H\'enon maps are
prunings of the horseshoe. In particular, their dynamics is a subshift of the
two-sided two-shift
Magnetic and superconducting properties of Cd2Re2O7: Cd NMR and Re NQR
We report Cd NMR and Re NQR studies on Cd2Re2O7, the first superconductor
among pyrochlore oxides Tc=1 K. Re NQR spectrum at zero magnetic field below
100 K rules out any magnetic or charge order. The spin-lattice relaxation rate
below Tc exhibits a pronounced coherence peak and behaves within the
weak-coupling BCS theory with nearly isotropic energy gap. Cd NMR results point
to moderate ferromagnetic enhancement at high temperatures followed by rapid
decrease of the density of states below the structural transition temperature
of 200 K.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Pion photoproduction on the nucleon in the quark model
We present a detailed quark-model study of pion photoproduction within the
effective Lagrangian approach. Cross sections and single-polarization
observables are investigated for the four charge channels, , , , and .
Leaving the coupling strength to be a free parameter, we obtain a
reasonably consistent description of these four channels from threshold to the
first resonance region. Within this effective Lagrangian approach, strongly
constrainted by the quark model, we consider the issue of double-counting which
may occur if additional {\it t}-channel contributions are included.Comment: Revtex, 35 pages, 16 eps figures; version to appear on PR
The Real Anatomy of Complex Linear Superfields
Recent work on classicication of off-shell representations of N-extended
worldline supersymmetry without central charges has uncovered an unexpectedly
vast number--trillions of even just (chromo)topology types--of so called
adinkraic supermultiplets. Herein, we show by explicit analysis that a
long-known but rarely used representation, the complex linear supermultiplet,
is not adinkraic, cannot be decomposed locally, but may be reduced by means of
a Wess-Zumino type gauge. This then indicates that the already unexpectedly
vast number of adinkraic off-shell supersymmetry representations is but the
proverbial tip of the iceberg.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure
Dispersion of the neutron resonance in cuprate superconductors
We argue that recently measured downward dispersion of the neutron resonance
peak in cuprate superconductors is naturally explained if the resonance is
viewed as a spin-1 collective mode in a d-wave superconductor. The reduction of
the resonant frequency away from the antiferromagnetic wave vector is a direct
consequence of the momentum dependence of the d-wave superconducting gap. When
the magnetic correlation length becomes large, the dispersion should become
magnon-like, i.e., curve upwards from (pi,pi).Comment: 4 pages, 3 inline PostScript figures. Added reference
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