Isomerization of 2,3-epoxypinane and 3,4-epoxycarane by lithium diethylamide

A study was made of the isomerization of 2,3-epoxypinane and 3,4-epoxycarane by means of lithium diethylamide. 2,3-Epoxypinane is isomerized into trans-2(10)-pinen-3-ol, whereas 3,4-epoxycarane forms a mixture of alcohols: 3(10)-caren-4-ol, p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol, and m-mentha-4,6-dien-2-ol. © 1966 Consultants Bureau Enterprises, Inc

Reaction of 2,3-epoxypinane with methanol in presence of sodium methoxide

1. Under the action of sodium methoxide in methanol 2,3-epoxypinane forms trans-2(10)-pinen-3-ol (mixture of l- and d l-forms) and 3-pinanone (mixture of d- and d l-forms). 2. Under the conditions of the reaction of 2,3-epoxypinane with methanol 3-pinanone may be formed in two ways: 1) mainly directly by the isomerization of the epoxide into the ketone, and 2) by the isomerization of the primary reaction product 2(10)-pinen-3-ol under the action of the base. © 1968 Consultants Bureau

Six-membered heterocycles - I. The stereoisomerism of 2-alkyl-5-hexyl-1,3-dioxanes

2-Methyl-5-hexyl- and 2-isopropyl-5-hexyl-1, 3-dioxanes have been synthesized for the first time by the condensation of 2-hexyl-1, 3-propane-diol with acetaldehyde and isobutyraldehyde, and they have been separated into their stereoisomers by fractionation in efficient columns. It has been shown by a study of their PMR spectra that the low-boiling isomers have the cis- and the high-boiling isomers the trans-configuration. A study of the PMR spectra has enabled us to show not only the configuration but also the predominant conformations of the isomers; the cis-isomer exists predominantly in the unsymmetrical boat conformation with a diequatorial location of the substituents and the trans-isomer in the chair conformation, also with a diequatorial arrangement of the substituents. © 1971 Consultants Bureau

Periodontitis assessed with a new screening tool and oral health-related quality of life: cross-sectional findings among general-population adults

Introduction: Periodontitis, as a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease, has complex relationships with other diseases and ultimately with well-being. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between self-report periodontitis, as measured with the recently developed and validated modified Periodontal Screening Score (mPESS), and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQol) in a large population-based sample derived from the French NutriNet-Santé e-cohort. Methods: The sample was composed of 32,714 adults (75.5% women) with a mean age of 48.8 ± 13.9 years. Periodontitis was assessed based on age, smoking, and oral health status data obtained in 2011–2012, which allowed calculating the mPESS. An mPESS ≥ 5 was used to identify individuals at risk of severe periodontitis (main exposure). OHRQoL was measured with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) (main outcome) and the total score was dichotomized for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses, considering physical health status, dietary and lifestyle confounding variables, were performed. Results: Overall, 6407 participants (19.6%) were at a high risk of severe periodontitis. A total of 7383 participants (22.6%) presented a relatively poor OHRQoL (OHIP-14 > 8, highest quartile). In the multivariable model, each of the following variables was independently and significantly associated with lower OHRQoL: older age (50–64 years), female sex, obesity, snacking between meals, frequent consumption of soft drinks and sweets/chocolate, risk of severe periodontitis, and having < 20 natural teeth were significantly. An mPESS ≥ 5 showed the highest odds for relatively poor OHRQoL (OR = 3.45; 95% CI 3.21–3.72). Conclusion: The results support the association between periodontitis and OHRQoL in non-clinical samples. The use of mPESS could be tested in future prevention programs aiming at improving OHRQoL

Management of patients with operated refractory neovascular glaucoma (clinical observation)

Introduction. Thrombosis (occlusion) of the central retinal vein (RCVO) and its branches is one of the main causes of loss or significant decrease in vision, including in people of working age, while RCVO is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy. The incidence rates steadily increase with age, amounting to 0.7% in the 49–60 age group and reaching 4.6% in people over 80 years old. Acute violation of retinal venous blood flow often leads to retinal ischemia, triggering the mechanism of activation of endothelial vascular growth factor (VEGF). In a quarter of patients, occlusions of the retinal veins and its branches initially proceed according to the ischemic type, which is characterized by the formation of extensive non-perfused retinal zones occupying an area of 10 or more areas of the optic nerve head (optic nerve disc) according to fluorescent angiography (FAG). In 34% of such patients, the non-ischemic type of venous occlusion becomes ischemic within 3 years.Aim. To develop an optimal algorithm for  the  management of  patients with operated neovascular uncompensated glaucoma against the background of occlusion of the central retinal vein.Materials and methods. Two patients with operated secondary neovascular glaucoma of stage III-c. In the combined sequential therapy, the anti-VEGF medication Aflibercept (0.5 mg) was used, laser coagulation of residual newly formed vessels, laser reconstruction in the surgical area, contact transcleral cyclolazercoagulation, and laser coagulation of the peripheral parts of the retina were performed.Results. The combined sequential treatment, combined with the appointment of antihypertensive drugs in drops, allowed to stabilize the level of IOP. IOP indicators remained at the level of normal values during 1 year of follow-up.Conclusion. The use of combined laser technologies and anti-VEGF therapy allows potentiating and prolonging the hypotensive effect in the treatment of patients with operated secondary refractory neovascular glaucoma against the background of occlusion of the central retinal vein

The study of the lunar macro-figure models using multi-parametric harmonic analysis and expansion in spherical functions

© SGEM2017 All Rights Reserved. The present work is focusing on construction and analysis of 5 lunar models using space and ground observations. Firstly, it should be noted that the task of building a model of the lunar macro-figure relative to its center of mass and axes of inertia does not have a definitive solution yet. Within the present work the models of the lunar macro-figure are developed on the basis of space and ground observations. The methods of observation had implied binding of lunar objects to stars, i.e. celestial coordinate system. As observations of that kind the data from “Clementine”, “Kaguya”, “LRO” space missions, and large-scale photographs of the Moon with stars were used. 5 models were constructed using the software “Automatic System of Scientific Investigation” (ASSI). Based on the results of the work the following conclusions are drawn after the analysis of the constructed models’ cross-sections for longitudes λ = -40°, -20°, 0°, 20°, 40°: 1) The mean level of the lunar southern hemisphere is higher than the northern one; 2) The lowering for northern latitudes in the range of 30° - 45° according to the ground observations is of the same order as based on the data from the space missions. Then, however, altitudes taken from the ground observations are starting to increase up to latitudes of 70° - 80°. This leads to significant difference between the shapes of hypsometric curves. 3) The good convergence between cross-sections of the models constructed on the basis of “Clementine” space mission and “KSC-1162” (Kazan Selenocentric Catalogue) is achieved. 4) The results of comparing the relief of the lunar surface based on ground and space images of the Moon and ALSEP system are following: a) Differences in absolute values of altitude for the near northern side of the Moon in the given systems are systematic. In this regard an alternative hypothesis concerning the shape of physical surface of the near side of the Moon has been proposed; b) The results of the analysis of ALSEP experiment data do not reject the proposed new hypothesis about relief lowering of the lunar surface to the North of the parallel + 10 ° relative to the generally accepted level; c) The analysis of space missions data with elements of a spacecraft external orienteering confirms the relief lowering of the lunar surface up to 1,5 km in the area of -70° < λ < -30°, -10° < ψ < -63° relative to the generally accepted level

The method of moonquakes selenophysical parameters analysis

© SGEM2017 All Rights Reserved. The purpose of the present study is to apply the new methods of multi-parametric analysis to moonquakes. It should be noted such physical phenomena as moonquakes are some kinds of complex systems. As the works in which analysis of moonquakes observations is conducted have shown, lunar seismophysics is much more complex process than Earth’s geophysics. This is why to study the physical nature of moonquakes and their parameters it is necessary to use methods of statistical physics and robust estimates. Currently, there are some attempts to study the lunar internal structure based on moonquakes using different seismic methods, such as signal’s passage time analysis, tomography techniques, seismic interferometry waves for deep moonquakes in order to conduct backward reflection on “Apollo” mission stations. Based on simulation of tidal lunar parameters which have been improved during the recent space missions, such as GRAIL (gravity), LRO (shape), and LLR (rotation), the presence of lunar internal layer with low viscosity coinciding with the areas where deep moonquakes take place is assumed. The method of moonquakes database analyzing is developed using the author’s time series analysis introduced for the Earth’s seismics studies based on space observations. The software applications to quantitatively describe parameters of moonquakes dynamic features are developed. A theoretical model for analyzing correlation with the lunar pole dynamics is developed for deep moonquakes. The connection of lunar poles motion dynamics and their uneven rotation with seismic activity has been tested. When developing numerical algorithms and software for moonquakes time series data processing, the modern methods of non-equilibrium statistical physics allowing obtaining a set of statistical parameters and information measures to study the statistical memory effects, periodic patterns, non-stationarity and dynamic intermittency effects, alignment and/or misalignment effects, frequency-phase synchronization from time signals have been used

Scientific and educational center of space researches and technologies in Kazan federal university

© SGEM2017. All Rights Reserved. The modern major project on creation a unique, scientific, educational, and technological Center of space researches and technologies was launched on the base of Engelhardt Astronomical Observatory (EAO) of Kazan Federal University in 2008. In EAO educational activity in the fields of training and retraining of specialists is conducted; scientific and practical training courses take place on the following educational programs: space geodesy and remote sensing, astronomy, radio astronomy. It should be noted, currently, it is necessary to develop high-tech stations and observatories, provide education in the fields of space geodesy and geophysics, and popularize the space knowledge. Kazan Federal University is one of the leading centers of Russia and the world in astronomy and space geodesy in terms of both training and fundamental and applied investigations. The scientific data which had been obtained by Kazan astronomers was used in the preparation for the missions to the Moon and Mars. In Kazan the leading scientific schools in the fields of stellar atmosphere astrophysics, space geodesy, and geophysics were established. All this allowed creating the scientific center where more than 7500 students take a short educational course on space studies annually and where classes on space knowledge popularization are taught for 25000 visitors. The scientific and educational center on the base of EAO is the first in the world complex combining the operating astronomical observatory and modern planetarium. There is a metrological geophysical testing ground operating in EAO. Such an approach allows creating a professional environment for learning about the Earth and Universe and increasing the interest in both historical and modern space concepts

Fractal analysis of the earth topographic models using multi-parametric harmonic analysis

© SGEM2017. All rights reserved. The study of the Earth's topographic models has been conducted on the basis of fractal analysis. The mean values of fractal dimension for the Earth's surface on longitudes and latitudes are obtained. It is well known that self-similarity is inherent to many natural objects and space systems; this is why they can be described with fractal dimension – quantitative measure of geometric complexity of a set (an object). Determining fractal dimensions of different objects allows studying not only their structure but processes of their formation as well. During the implementation of the solar system exploration programs a significant amount of data on morphological properties of surfaces, planets' geology and their atmospheres was obtained, and that contributed to formation of comparative planetology aimed at not only developing cosmogonic and evolution concepts, but at detailed understanding of mechanisms underlying the nature of the Earth and its place as an object of the solar system, too. The methods of determining fractal properties-scale invariance (scaling) and objects' self-similarity – allow quantitative describing systems, such as polymers, colloid aggregates, rough and porous surfaces, branching structures, the Earth's surface areas. In the present work results of determining fractal dimensions for inhomogeneous surfaces of the Earth with defining community of their properties are represented. During the construction of the Earth's physical surface model multi-parametric harmonic analysis of altitude data expansion in spherical functions has been used. The fractal analysis of the Earth's surface has enabled us to obtain independent estimates of the Earth's macrostructure which give a new vision of geophysical processes. It has been shown that based on comparative analysis one may conduct a precise investigation of topographic maps and analyze macrosurfaces of reference systems. A good agreement of fractal dimensions has been found on different geographical altitudes of the Earth. Further application of comparative fractal analysis for space measurements reduction is undoubtedly going to yield interesting results which will allow solving many problems of space geodesy