34 research outputs found
Emergent behavior in active colloids
Active colloids are microscopic particles, which self-propel through viscous
fluids by converting energy extracted from their environment into directed
motion. We first explain how articial microswimmers move forward by generating
near-surface flow fields via self-phoresis or the self-induced Marangoni
effect. We then discuss generic features of the dynamics of single active
colloids in bulk and in confinement, as well as in the presence of gravity,
field gradients, and fluid flow. In the third part, we review the emergent
collective behavior of active colloidal suspensions focussing on their
structural and dynamic properties. After summarizing experimental observations,
we give an overview on the progress in modeling collectively moving active
colloids. While active Brownian particles are heavily used to study collective
dynamics on large scales, more advanced methods are necessary to explore the
importance of hydrodynamic and phoretic particle interactions. Finally, the
relevant physical approaches to quantify the emergent collective behavior are
presented.Comment: 31 pages, 14 figure
Dynamics of squirmers in explicitly modeled polymeric fluids
Biological microswimmers such as bacteria and sperm cells often encounter
complex biological fluid environments. Here we use the well-known squirmer
microswimmer model to show the importance of the local fluid microstructure and
non-continuum effects on their swimming speed in different polymeric and
filamentous fluids. Surprisingly, we find that different squirmer types move at
considerably different speed in filamentous fluids which cannot be explained by
existing continuum models, but by considering the local fluid and polymer
properties around the squirmers. Furthermore, direct squirmer-polymer
interactions slow down in particular pushers by trapping large stiff filaments
in a self-generated recirculation region in front of them.Comment: 13 pages (including SI), 5+3 figures. accepted for publication in EP
Nonlinear dynamics of a microswimmer in Poiseuille flow
We study the three-dimensional dynamics of a spherical microswimmer in
cylindrical Poiseuille flow which can be mapped onto a Hamiltonian system.
Swinging and tumbling trajectories are identified. In 2D they are equivalent to
oscillating and circling solutions of a mathematical pendulum. Hydrodynamic
interactions between the swimmer and confining channel walls lead to
dissipative dynamics and result in stable trajectories, different for pullers
and pushers. We demonstrate this behavior in the dipole approximation of the
swimmer and with simulations using the method of multi-particle collision
dynamics.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Mesoscale modelling of polymer aggregate digestion
We use mesoscale simulations to gain insight into the digestion of
biopolymers by studying the break-up dynamics of polymer aggregates (boluses)
bound by physical cross-links. We investigate aggregate evolution, establishing
that the linking bead fraction and the interaction energy are the main
parameters controlling stability with respect to diffusion. We show
a simplified model that chemical breakdown of the constituent
molecules causes aggregates that would otherwise be stable to disperse. We
further investigate breakdown of biopolymer aggregates in the presence of fluid
flow. Shear flow in the absence of chemical breakdown induces three different
regimes depending on the flow Weissenberg number (). i) At ,
shear flow has a negligible effect on the aggregates. ii) At , the
aggregates behave approximately as solid bodies and move and rotate with the
flow. iii) At , the energy input due to shear overcomes the
attractive cross-linking interactions and the boluses are broken up. Finally,
we study bolus evolution under the combined action of shear flow and chemical
breakdown, demonstrating a synergistic effect between the two at high reaction
rates
Far-field theory for trajectories of magnetic ellipsoids in rectangular and circular channels
We report a method to control the positions of ellipsoidal magnets in flowing
channels of rectangular or circular cross section at low Reynolds number.A
static uniform magnetic field is used to pin the particle orientation, and the
particles move with translational drift velocities resulting from hydrodynamic
interactions with the channel walls which can be described using Blake's image
tensor.Building on his insights, we are able to present a far-field theory
predicting the particle motion in rectangular channels, and validate the
accuracy of the theory by comparing to numerical solutions using the boundary
element method.We find that, by changing the direction of the applied magnetic
field, the motion can be controlled so that particles move either to a curved
focusing region or to the channel walls.We also use simulations to show that
the particles are focused to a single line in a circular channel.Our results
suggest ways to focus and segregate magnetic particles in lab-on-a-chip
devices