33 research outputs found

    Étude de la vasorĂ©activitĂ© Ă  l'Angiotensine II chez des rats avec programmation intra-utĂ©rine de l'hypertension artĂ©rielle

    Get PDF
    Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothÚques de l'Université de Montréal

    Role of the oxydative stress in neonatal period in hypertension, vascular and metabolic dysfunction in adult

    Full text link
    De nombreuses Ă©tudes indiquent que la prĂ©maturitĂ©, qui reprĂ©sente 8 % des naissances, estassociĂ©e Ă  des indices prĂ©coces de dysfonction vasculaire, d’élĂ©vation de la pression sanguineet de survenue de diabĂšte de type 2. Les enfants nĂ©s prĂ©maturĂ©ment sont plus sujets auxblessures oxydatives de par l’immaturitĂ© de leurs dĂ©fenses antioxydantes et de leur expositionĂ  des situations pro-oxydantes (exposition Ă  l’air ambiant, Ă  un supplĂ©ment d’oxygĂšne, ou Ă une exposition aux infections). Cependant, les consĂ©quences Ă  long terme des blessuresoxydatives induites par une exposition Ă  l’oxygĂšne en pĂ©riode pĂ©rinatale restent mĂ©connues.Le but de ce doctorat a Ă©tĂ© de mettre en Ă©vidence certains mĂ©canismes pouvant relier lesdommages de la prĂ©maturitĂ© induits par l’oxygĂšne, et le risque Ă  long terme de dĂ©velopper desmaladies cardiovasculaires et mĂ©taboliques dans le concept global d’une programmationdĂ©veloppementale de l’hypertension et des pathologies reliĂ©es au syndrome mĂ©tabolique. Des ratons Sprague-Dawley (SD) ont Ă©tĂ© exposĂ©s Ă  80 % O2 (O2) vs air ambiant (AA) du 3Ăšmeau 10Ăšme jour de vie. Concernant les paramĂštres cardiovasculaires, nous avons mesurĂ© aucours de la croissance, la pression sanguine Ă  la queue (de la 4Ăšme semaine Ă  la 15Ăšme semaine)et Ă  l’ñge adulte : la rĂ©activitĂ© vasculaire Ă  l’angiotensine II (AngII) et au carbachol (ex vivo,carotides) avec ou sans le tempol; la production d’oxyde nitrique (NO) en prĂ©sence ou non Larginineet de L-sĂ©piaptĂ©rine (aorte, immunohistochimie) ainsi que l’expression de la nitricoxyde synthase endothĂ©liale (eNOS) (aorte, immunohistochimie et western blot); le stressoxydant vasculaire (aorte, chemiluminescence) par la mesure de la production d’anionssuperoxide en prĂ©sence ou non des inhibiteurs de la nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate (NADPH oxydase) et de la nitric oxyde synthase endotheliale (eNOS), l’apocynine,et N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) respectivement, ainsi que le stress oxydantcirculant par la mesure des niveaux plasmatiques de malondialdĂ©hyde (MDA, HPLC); ladensitĂ© microvasculaire a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e au niveau du muscle tibial antĂ©rieur,immunohistochimie); la vitesse d’onde pulsĂ©e (VOP) (entre la valve aortique et juste avant labifurcation ilio-fĂ©morale) a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©e par ultrason; le nombre de nĂ©phrons a Ă©tĂ© comptĂ© pardigestion acide. L’ontogenĂšse de la plupart de ces mĂ©canismes a Ă©tĂ© regardĂ©e Ă  l’ñge de 4semaines.Concernant les paramĂštres mĂ©taboliques, le poids a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ© au cours de la croissance. Àl’ñge adulte, la composition corporelle et la tolĂ©rance au glucose ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es. À l’ñge de 4 semaines, aucune diffĂ©rence n’a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e dans la pression sanguine, larĂ©activitĂ© vasculaire et le stress oxydant, mais chez les rats O2 vs AA, la densitĂ©microvasculaire est moindre, et des changements histologiques suggĂšrent la prĂ©sence d’unerigiditĂ© artĂ©rielle augmentĂ©e.À l’ñge adulte chez les rats O2 vs AA (n = 6-8 /groupe) : i) les pressions sanguines systoliqueset diastoliques sont augmentĂ©es; ii) la rĂ©activitĂ© vasculaire Ă  l’AngII est augmentĂ©e et celle aucarbachol est diminuĂ©e, le tempol prĂ©vient ces dysfonctions; iii) la production de NO est plusfaible au niveau basal et aprĂšs stimulation par le carbachol, mais est restaurĂ©e aprĂšs la prĂ©incubationavec L-arginine et L-sĂ©piaptĂ©rine; iv) l’expression d’eNOS est diminuĂ©e parimmunohistochimie et augmentĂ©e par western blot; v) les niveaux d’anions superoxide, auniveau basal et en rĂ©ponse Ă  l’AngII, sont augmentĂ©s et sont induits par la NADPH oxydase etle non-couplage d’eNOS; vi) les niveaux plasmatiques de MDA sont augmentĂ©s; vii) LadensitĂ© microvasculaire est moindre; viii) la VOP est augmentĂ©e; ix) le nombre de nĂ©phrons par rein est rĂ©duit; x) le poids est plus faible au cours de la croissance et un catch up estobservĂ© Ă  l’ñge adulte; la composition corporelle n’est pas diffĂ©rente entre les groupes; xi) latolĂ©rance au glucose est diminuĂ©e. Ces rĂ©sultats supportent l’hypothĂšse d’une programmation dĂ©veloppementale des maladiescardiovasculaires et mĂ©taboliques Ă  l’ñge adulte Ă  la suite d’un stress hyperoxique nĂ©onatal.Many studies showed that prematurity, which represents 8 % of birth, is associated with earlyindices of vascular dysfunction, increased blood pressure and Type 2 diabetes. Prematuritybabies are more susceptible to oxidative injury, consequence of the immaturity of theirantioxidant defences, and exposure to pro-oxidant situations (oxygen supplementation,infection). However, the long-term consequences of oxidative injury induced by oxygenexposure in the neonatal period are unknown.The aim of these PhD studies was to unravel some mechanisms that might underlie thedamage induced by oxygen and the long-term risk of developing vascular and metabolicdiseases in the overall concept of developmental programming of hypertension and metabolicsyndrome-related diseases. Sprague-Dawley pups were kept with their mother in 80 % O2 (O2) or room air (RA) from day3 to 10 of life. Cardiovascular parameters, tail blood pressure was measured between 4 and15 weeks of life. In adulthood : vascular reactivity (ex vivo carotid rings) to angiotensine II(AngII) and carbachol with and without tempol was studied; studies of nitric oxide (NO)production with and without L-arginine and L-sĂ©piaptĂ©rine (aorta, immunohistochemistry)and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression (eNOS; aorta, immunohistochemistry,western blot) were performed; vascular oxidative stress (aorta, using chemiluminescence) bymeasuring superoxide anion production with and without inhibitors of nicotinamide-adeninedinucleotide-phosphate (NADPH oxydase) and nitric oxyde synthase endotheliale (eNOS),apocynin and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) respectively, and circulating oxidative stress by measuring the plasma levels of malondialdĂ©hyde (MDA, HPLC) wereevaluated; microvascular density was assessed on tibialis anterior muscle sections; pulse wavevelocity (PWV) was measured by ultrasound, between aortic valve and ilio-femoralbifurcation; nephrons were counted after hydrochloric acid digestion. The main observationswere also evaluated at 4 weeks of age. Metabolic parameters: body weight has beenmeasured during the growth. In adulthood, body composition, glucose tolerance wereevaluated. A 4 weeks of age, no difference was observed regarding blood pressure, vascular reactivity,and oxidative stress indices, but in rats O2 vs. RA (n = 6-8 /group), microvascular rarefactionand histological changes suggesting enhanced vascular stiffness were present.To adulthood, rats O2 vs. RA (n = 6-8/group) : i) systolic and diastolic blood pressures areincreased; ii) vascular reactivity to Ang II is increased and to carbachol is decreased, thesedysfunction were totally abolished by co-incubation of the vessel rings with tempol; iii) NOproductionis decreased in basal condition and after carbachol stimulation, but is restored afterpre-incubation of aorta sections with L- arginine and L-sĂ©piaptĂ©rine; iv) eNOS expression isdecreased by immunohistochemistry but increased by western blot; v) vascular superoxideanion levels are increased in basal condition, after AngII stimulation and this is mediated byNADPH oxydase and eNOS uncoupling; vi) the plasma levels of MDA are increased; vii)microvascular density is decreased; viii) PWV is increased; ix) nephron count per kidney isdecreased; x) body weight is less during growth, but a catch up is observed in adulthood,body composition is similar; xi) the glucose tolerance is decreased in adults. These results support the hypothesis of developmental programming of vascular andmetabolic diseases in adulthood, after exposure to hyperoxic stress in the neonatal period

    Calorie Restriction in Adulthood Reduces Hepatic Disorders Induced by Transient Postnatal Overfeeding in Mice

    Full text link
    Impaired early nutrition influences the risk of developing metabolic disorders in later life. We observed that transient postnatal overfeeding (OF) in mice induces long-term hepatic alterations, characterized by microsteatosis, fibrosis associated with oxidative stress (OS), and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). In this study, we investigated whether such changes can be reversed by moderate calorie restriction (CR). C57BL/6 male mice pups were maintained during lactation in litters adjusted to nine pups in the normal feeding (NF) group and three pups in the transient postnatal OF group. At six months of age, adult mice from the NF and OF groups were randomly assigned to an ad libitum diet or CR (daily energy supply reduced by 20%) for one month. In each group, at the age of seven months, analysis of liver structure, liver markers of OS (superoxide anion, antioxidant defenses), and SIPS (lipofuscin, p53, p21, p16, pRb/Rb, Acp53, sirtuin-1) were performed. CR in the OF group reduced microsteatosis, decreased levels of superoxide anion, and increased protein expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, CR decreased lipofuscin staining, p21, p53, Acp53, and p16 but increased pRb/Rb and sirtuin-1 protein expression. CR did not affect the NF group. These results suggest that CR reduces hepatic disorders induced by OF

    RÎle du stress oxydant en période néonatale dans l'hypertension artérielle et la dysfonction vasculaire et métabolique de l'adulte

    Get PDF
    Many studies showed that prematurity, which represents 8 % of birth, is associated with earlyindices of vascular dysfunction, increased blood pressure and Type 2 diabetes. Prematuritybabies are more susceptible to oxidative injury, consequence of the immaturity of theirantioxidant defences, and exposure to pro-oxidant situations (oxygen supplementation,infection). However, the long-term consequences of oxidative injury induced by oxygenexposure in the neonatal period are unknown.The aim of these PhD studies was to unravel some mechanisms that might underlie thedamage induced by oxygen and the long-term risk of developing vascular and metabolicdiseases in the overall concept of developmental programming of hypertension and metabolicsyndrome-related diseases. Sprague-Dawley pups were kept with their mother in 80 % O2 (O2) or room air (RA) from day3 to 10 of life. Cardiovascular parameters, tail blood pressure was measured between 4 and15 weeks of life. In adulthood : vascular reactivity (ex vivo carotid rings) to angiotensine II(AngII) and carbachol with and without tempol was studied; studies of nitric oxide (NO)production with and without L-arginine and L-sĂ©piaptĂ©rine (aorta, immunohistochemistry)and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression (eNOS; aorta, immunohistochemistry,western blot) were performed; vascular oxidative stress (aorta, using chemiluminescence) bymeasuring superoxide anion production with and without inhibitors of nicotinamide-adeninedinucleotide-phosphate (NADPH oxydase) and nitric oxyde synthase endotheliale (eNOS),apocynin and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) respectively, and circulating oxidative stress by measuring the plasma levels of malondialdĂ©hyde (MDA, HPLC) wereevaluated; microvascular density was assessed on tibialis anterior muscle sections; pulse wavevelocity (PWV) was measured by ultrasound, between aortic valve and ilio-femoralbifurcation; nephrons were counted after hydrochloric acid digestion. The main observationswere also evaluated at 4 weeks of age. Metabolic parameters: body weight has beenmeasured during the growth. In adulthood, body composition, glucose tolerance wereevaluated. A 4 weeks of age, no difference was observed regarding blood pressure, vascular reactivity,and oxidative stress indices, but in rats O2 vs. RA (n = 6-8 /group), microvascular rarefactionand histological changes suggesting enhanced vascular stiffness were present.To adulthood, rats O2 vs. RA (n = 6-8/group) : i) systolic and diastolic blood pressures areincreased; ii) vascular reactivity to Ang II is increased and to carbachol is decreased, thesedysfunction were totally abolished by co-incubation of the vessel rings with tempol; iii) NOproductionis decreased in basal condition and after carbachol stimulation, but is restored afterpre-incubation of aorta sections with L- arginine and L-sĂ©piaptĂ©rine; iv) eNOS expression isdecreased by immunohistochemistry but increased by western blot; v) vascular superoxideanion levels are increased in basal condition, after AngII stimulation and this is mediated byNADPH oxydase and eNOS uncoupling; vi) the plasma levels of MDA are increased; vii)microvascular density is decreased; viii) PWV is increased; ix) nephron count per kidney isdecreased; x) body weight is less during growth, but a catch up is observed in adulthood,body composition is similar; xi) the glucose tolerance is decreased in adults. These results support the hypothesis of developmental programming of vascular andmetabolic diseases in adulthood, after exposure to hyperoxic stress in the neonatal period.De nombreuses Ă©tudes indiquent que la prĂ©maturitĂ©, qui reprĂ©sente 8 % des naissances, estassociĂ©e Ă  des indices prĂ©coces de dysfonction vasculaire, d’élĂ©vation de la pression sanguineet de survenue de diabĂšte de type 2. Les enfants nĂ©s prĂ©maturĂ©ment sont plus sujets auxblessures oxydatives de par l’immaturitĂ© de leurs dĂ©fenses antioxydantes et de leur expositionĂ  des situations pro-oxydantes (exposition Ă  l’air ambiant, Ă  un supplĂ©ment d’oxygĂšne, ou Ă une exposition aux infections). Cependant, les consĂ©quences Ă  long terme des blessuresoxydatives induites par une exposition Ă  l’oxygĂšne en pĂ©riode pĂ©rinatale restent mĂ©connues.Le but de ce doctorat a Ă©tĂ© de mettre en Ă©vidence certains mĂ©canismes pouvant relier lesdommages de la prĂ©maturitĂ© induits par l’oxygĂšne, et le risque Ă  long terme de dĂ©velopper desmaladies cardiovasculaires et mĂ©taboliques dans le concept global d’une programmationdĂ©veloppementale de l’hypertension et des pathologies reliĂ©es au syndrome mĂ©tabolique. Des ratons Sprague-Dawley (SD) ont Ă©tĂ© exposĂ©s Ă  80 % O2 (O2) vs air ambiant (AA) du 3Ăšmeau 10Ăšme jour de vie. Concernant les paramĂštres cardiovasculaires, nous avons mesurĂ© aucours de la croissance, la pression sanguine Ă  la queue (de la 4Ăšme semaine Ă  la 15Ăšme semaine)et Ă  l’ñge adulte : la rĂ©activitĂ© vasculaire Ă  l’angiotensine II (AngII) et au carbachol (ex vivo,carotides) avec ou sans le tempol; la production d’oxyde nitrique (NO) en prĂ©sence ou non Larginineet de L-sĂ©piaptĂ©rine (aorte, immunohistochimie) ainsi que l’expression de la nitricoxyde synthase endothĂ©liale (eNOS) (aorte, immunohistochimie et western blot); le stressoxydant vasculaire (aorte, chemiluminescence) par la mesure de la production d’anionssuperoxide en prĂ©sence ou non des inhibiteurs de la nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate (NADPH oxydase) et de la nitric oxyde synthase endotheliale (eNOS), l’apocynine,et N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) respectivement, ainsi que le stress oxydantcirculant par la mesure des niveaux plasmatiques de malondialdĂ©hyde (MDA, HPLC); ladensitĂ© microvasculaire a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e au niveau du muscle tibial antĂ©rieur,immunohistochimie); la vitesse d’onde pulsĂ©e (VOP) (entre la valve aortique et juste avant labifurcation ilio-fĂ©morale) a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©e par ultrason; le nombre de nĂ©phrons a Ă©tĂ© comptĂ© pardigestion acide. L’ontogenĂšse de la plupart de ces mĂ©canismes a Ă©tĂ© regardĂ©e Ă  l’ñge de 4semaines.Concernant les paramĂštres mĂ©taboliques, le poids a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ© au cours de la croissance. Àl’ñge adulte, la composition corporelle et la tolĂ©rance au glucose ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es. À l’ñge de 4 semaines, aucune diffĂ©rence n’a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e dans la pression sanguine, larĂ©activitĂ© vasculaire et le stress oxydant, mais chez les rats O2 vs AA, la densitĂ©microvasculaire est moindre, et des changements histologiques suggĂšrent la prĂ©sence d’unerigiditĂ© artĂ©rielle augmentĂ©e.À l’ñge adulte chez les rats O2 vs AA (n = 6-8 /groupe) : i) les pressions sanguines systoliqueset diastoliques sont augmentĂ©es; ii) la rĂ©activitĂ© vasculaire Ă  l’AngII est augmentĂ©e et celle aucarbachol est diminuĂ©e, le tempol prĂ©vient ces dysfonctions; iii) la production de NO est plusfaible au niveau basal et aprĂšs stimulation par le carbachol, mais est restaurĂ©e aprĂšs la prĂ©incubationavec L-arginine et L-sĂ©piaptĂ©rine; iv) l’expression d’eNOS est diminuĂ©e parimmunohistochimie et augmentĂ©e par western blot; v) les niveaux d’anions superoxide, auniveau basal et en rĂ©ponse Ă  l’AngII, sont augmentĂ©s et sont induits par la NADPH oxydase etle non-couplage d’eNOS; vi) les niveaux plasmatiques de MDA sont augmentĂ©s; vii) LadensitĂ© microvasculaire est moindre; viii) la VOP est augmentĂ©e; ix) le nombre de nĂ©phrons par rein est rĂ©duit; x) le poids est plus faible au cours de la croissance et un catch up estobservĂ© Ă  l’ñge adulte; la composition corporelle n’est pas diffĂ©rente entre les groupes; xi) latolĂ©rance au glucose est diminuĂ©e. Ces rĂ©sultats supportent l’hypothĂšse d’une programmation dĂ©veloppementale des maladiescardiovasculaires et mĂ©taboliques Ă  l’ñge adulte Ă  la suite d’un stress hyperoxique nĂ©onatal

    Developmental programming of eNOS uncoupling and enhanced vascular oxidative stress in adult rats after transient neonatal oxygen exposure

    Full text link
    International audienceThe authors have previously shown that neonatal hyperoxic stress leads to high blood pressure, impaired endothelium-mediated vasodilatation, and increased vascular production of superoxide anion by NAD(P)H oxidase in adulthood. However, it is unknown whether changes in nitric oxide (NO) production and/or bioinactivation prevail and whether NO synthase (NOS) is also a source of superoxide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether adult animals exposed to neonatal hyperoxic stress have impaired vascular NO production associated with NOS uncoupling participating to vascular superoxide production and vascular dysfunction. In adult male rats exposed to 80% oxygen from day 3 to 10 of life (H, n = 6) versus room air controls (CTRL, n = 6), vascular (aorta) NO production is decreased at baseline (CTRL: 21 +/- 1 vs. H: 16 +/- 2 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate fluorescence intensity arbitrary units; P < 0.05) and after carbachol stimulation (acetylcholine analog; CTRL: 26 +/- 2 vs. H: 18 +/- 2; P < 0.05). Pretreatment with L-arginine (CTRL: 32 +/- 4 vs. H: 31 +/- 5) and L-sepiapterine [analog of key NOS cofactor tetrahydro-L-biopterin (BH4)] (CTRL: 30 +/- 3 vs. H: 29 +/- 3) normalizes NO production after carbachol. L-Sepiapterine also normalizes impaired vasodilatation to carbachol. Vascular endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) immunostaining is reduced, whereas total eNOS protein expression is increased in H (CTRL: 0.76 +/- 0.08 vs. H: 1.76 +/- 0.21; P < 0.01). The significantly higher superoxide generation (CTRL: 20 +/- 2 vs. H: 28 +/- 3 hydroethidine fluorescence intensity arbitrary units; P < 0.05) is prevented by pretreatment with the eNOS inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (CTRL: 21 +/- 4 vs. H: 22 +/- 4). Taken together, the current data indicate a role for eNOS uncoupling in enhanced vascular superoxide, impaired endothelium-mediated vasodilatation, and decreased NO production in adult animals with programmed elevated blood pressure after a brief neonatal oxygen exposure

    Renal Programming by Transient Postnatal Overfeeding: The Role of Senescence Pathways

    Get PDF
    International audienceBackground: Early nutrition influences the risk of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) development in adulthood. Mechanisms underlying the early programming of altered renal function remain incompletely understood. This study aims at characterizing the role of cell senescence pathways in early programming of CKD after transient postnatal overfeeding.Materials and Methods: Reduced litters of 3 mice pups and standard litters of 9 mice pups were obtained to induce overfed animals during lactation and control animals, respectively. Animals were sacrificed at 24 days (weaning) or at 7 months of life (adulthood). Body weight, blood pressure, kidney weight, and glomerular count were assessed in both groups. Senescence pathways were investigated using ÎČ-Galactosidase staining and Western blotting of P16, P21, P53, P-Rb/Rb, and Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) proteins.Results: Early overfed animals had a higher body weight, a higher blood pressure at adulthood, and a higher glomerular number endowment compared to the control group. A higher ÎČ-Galactosidase activity, a significant increase in P53 protein expression (p = 0.0045) and a significant decrease in P-Rb/Rb ratio (p = 0.02), were observed at weaning in animals who underwent early postnatal overfeeding. Protein expression of Sirt1, a protective factor against accelerated stress-induced senescence, was significantly decreased (p = 0.03) at weaning in early overfed animals.Conclusion: Early postnatal overfeeding by litter size reduction is associated with increased expression of factors involved in cellular senescence pathways, and decreased expression of Sirt 1 in the mouse kidney at weaning. These alterations may contribute to CKD programming after early postnatal overfeedin
    corecore