LBWiki: A Location-Based Wiki

Wiki systems provide a simple interface paradigm that allow non-technical users to author collaborative on-line hypertexts. In this paper we propose to use the same simple paradigm to allow users to create content for ubiquitous information systems, and present LBWiki, a prototype location-based Wiki that allows users with a mobile device to create Wiki pages based on GPS co-ordinates. We describe the hierarchical location scheme used within LBWiki and the results of a small evaluation, in which users reacted positively to the concept, but asked for greater control over geographical regions, and highlighted the importance of accurate location technology

La culture du perfectionnement du corps professoral : la perspective des chefs de file au Canada

Background: Although the word culture is frequently mentioned in research on faculty development (FD), the concept is rarely explored. This research aimed to examine the culture of FD in Canada, through the eyes of leaders of FD in the health professions.  Studying culture can help reveal the practices and implicit systems of beliefs and values that, when made explicit, could enhance programming. Method: FD leaders from all Canadian medical schools were invited to participate in semi-structured telephone interviews between November 2016 and March 2017. The researchers used a constructivist methodology and theoretical framework located within cultural studies, borrowing from phenomenological inquiry to move beyond descriptions to interpretations of participants’ perceptions. Constant comparison was used to conduct a thematic analysis within and across participants’ interview transcripts. Results: Fifteen FD leaders, representing 88% of medical schools (15/17) in Canada, participated in this study. Four themes characterized the culture of FD: balancing competing voices and priorities; cultivating relationships and networks; promoting active, practice-based learning; and negotiating recognition. Conclusion:  Although the culture of FD may vary from context to context, this study revealed shared values, practices, and beliefs, focused on the continuous improvement of individual and collective abilities and the attainment of excellence.Contexte : Culture est un mot qui revient souvent dans les études sur le perfectionnement du corps professoral (PCP) et pourtant, le concept en soi est rarement exploré. Notre objectif était d’examiner cette culture dans le contexte canadien du point de vue des chefs de file du perfectionnement du corps professoral dans les professions de la santé. En mettant en évidence les pratiques et les systèmes implicites de croyances et de valeurs, une telle analyse de la culture du PCP peut contribuer à l’amélioration des programmes. Méthode : Des chefs de file du PCP de toutes les facultés de médecine canadiennes ont été invités à participer à des entretiens téléphoniques semi-structurés entre novembre 2016 et mars 2017. Les chercheurs ont utilisé une méthodologie et un cadre théorique constructivistes s’inscrivant dans les études culturelles, ainsi qu’une approche phénoménologique pour aller au-delà de la description et s’engager dans une interprétation des perceptions des participants. Nous avons effectué à une comparaison systématique dans le cadre de l’analyse thématique individuelle et transversale des transcriptions d’entretiens. Résultats : Quinze leaders du PCP, représentant 88 % des facultés de médecine (15/17) au Canada, ont participé à cette étude. Quatre thèmes caractérisent la culture du PCP : concilier les voix et les priorités divergentes; cultiver les relations et les réseaux; promouvoir l’apprentissage actif et basé sur la pratique, et faciliter la reconnaissance.  Conclusion : Bien que la culture du PCP varie selon le contexte, cette étude a révélé l’existence de valeurs, de pratiques et de croyances communes axées sur l’amélioration continue des capacités individuelles et collectives et sur l’atteinte de l’excellence

The woman, partner and midwife: An integration of three perspectives of labour when intrapartum transfer from a birth centre to a tertiary obstetric unit occurs

Background: When transfer in labour takes place from a birth centre to a tertiary maternity hospital the woman, her partner and the midwife (the triad) are involved, representing three different perspectives. The purpose of this paper is to explore the integration of these intrapartum transfer experiences for the birth triad. Methods: Giorgi's descriptive phenomenological method of analysis was used to explore the 'lived' experiences of Western Australian women, their partners and midwives across the birth journey. Forty-five interviews were conducted. Findings: Findings revealed that experiences of intrapartum transfer were unique to each member of the triad (woman, partner and midwife) and yet there were also shared experiences. All three had three themes in common: 'The same journey through three different lenses'; 'In my own world' and 'Talking about the birth'. The woman and partner shared two themes: 'Lost birth dream' and 'Grateful to return to a familiar environment'. The woman and midwife both had: 'Gratitude for continuity of care model' and the partner and midwife both found they were: 'Struggling to adapt to a changing care model' and their 'Inside knowledge was not appreciated'. Conclusion: Insight into the unique integrated experiences during a birth centre intrapartum transfer can inform midwives, empowering them to better support parents through antenatal education before and by offering discussion about the birth and transfer after. Translation of findings to practice also reinforces how midwives can support their colleagues by recognising the accompanying midwife's role and knowledge of the woman

A Multiple Component Intervention to Assist Young Pregnant Smokers to Cease Smoking: A Randomised Controlled Pilot Study

Objective: Australian rates of cigarette smoking are the lowest in the world. Young pregnant smokers are a sub population where smoking remains high. This pilot study assessed the feasibility of a multi-component intervention (Carbon Monoxide testing, motivational interviewing and a non-smoking buddy) to assist young pregnant women to cease smoking. Methods: Between October 2013 and June 2015, this multi-centred West Australian study recruited pregnant smokers aged 16 to 24, attending their first antenatal visit. Women (n=80) were randomised to the intervention and standard smoking cessation advice (n=43) or standard smoking cessation advice alone (n=37). At 36 weeks gestation and six weeks post birth, cessation rates were compared between groups using repeated measures survival analysis and reduction in smoking was examined using repeated measures linear regression on the number of cigarettes smoked. Results: The majority (89%) of women were unemployed or not in education, used illicit drugs (43%) and had experienced sexual abuse (23%). Involvement with child protection services was common (38%). Cigarette initiation occurred at a mean age of 13 years, median number of cigarettes smoked at baseline was 10 in both groups. Smoking cessation in intervention and controls were 17% vs. 14% at 36 weeks and 23% vs. 7% 6 weeks post birth. No significant differences in cessation or smoking reduction between groups were found individually or in the repeated events analysis. Conclusion: Given the low number of participants our findings cannot conclusively rule out this multi-component intervention. We believe it remains possible this intervention may prove effective in a larger group of participants and in another setting. Monitoring trends in this vulnerable, difficult to engage group of pregnant young women is important if we are to continue to devise effective interventions

Three species of Mastophora (Rhodophyta: Corallinales, Corallinaceae) in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean: M. rosea (C. Agardh) Setchell, M. pacifica (Heydrich) Foslie, and M. multistrata sp. nov

Three species of Mastophora (Corallinaceae, Corallinales, Rhodophyta) were found in extensive studies of nongeniculate coralline algae in various areas of the tropical Indo-Pacific, including French Polynesia, Fiji, Ryukyu Islands (Japan), and Taiwan. Two species are delicate and leafy but are distinguishable on morphological grounds. Mastophora rosea plants are taeniform, dichotomously branched, and weakly calcified and have rolled margins. Their thalli show very little secondary growth, with only occasional small round patches at the surface. Tetrasporangial and carposporangial conceptacles are very high (330–640 mm) and dome-shaped to almost spherical. Mastophora rosea plants collected during this study stand out in the water because of their bluish-purple colour. Mastophora pacifica has more strongly calcified thalli that are irregularly branched, with abundant secondary growth and the development of loosely attached, crispy layers. Tetrasporangial and carposporangial conceptacles are conical (280–550 mm high). Thallus colour in M. pacifica varies substantially depending on where it is growing, ranging from violet brown to dark red to greyish ruby, but are mostly pale-pink to reddish-purple in their submerged living state. Mastophora multistrata sp. nov. plants are hard and robust. Their thalli are made up of tightly packed layers that are evident only in section. Tetrasporangial conceptacles are generally low (315–490 mm high) and dome-shaped. In their living state, M. multistrata plants are usually deep-purple plum coloured.Web of Scienc

The conversation between painting and photography in the 21st century: An analysis of selected paintings by Peter Doig (1959-) and Luc Tuymans (1958-)

In this research I explore the relationship between painting and photography, focusing on the natures of both mediums and how they are questioned when creating a painting from a photographic source. I have selected works by contemporary painters Peter Doig and Luc Tuymans for analysis, examining the ways in which their images force us to question the assumed ‘truth value’ attached to photographic images. I also explore the potential for both painting and photography as mediums to portray the internal or the imagined, as well as painting’s link to the concepts of artifice and construction throughout history, especially when compared to photography. In this research I examine the early development of photography, as well as the development of ‘photographic’ or perspectival language in painting, both separate from and in relation to advancements in photographic technologies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. I then look at 20th Century painters and photographers and their engagement with and criticism of photography through their work, while examining the continuing debate around the associations linked with both mediums. This leads into the examination of selected works by Peter Doig and Luc Tuymans, exploring how their use of a photographic source to create their images raises questions of representation and if these representations can be classified as truthful or imagined, transparency or construction, human or mechanical. Finally in the discussion of my own work I deal with painting’s link to the internal or imagined, photography’s indexical link to reality, and how through the combination of these mediums these links are challenged. This research also looks at the nature of my subject matter; the city of Johannesburg, as a site of contradiction, existing in a space that is at once real and somehow otherworldly or imagined

Maternal Cigarette Smoking and Cleft Lip and Palate:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

OBJECTIVES: A systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between active maternal smoking and cleft lip and palate etiology. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from inception to November, 2020. STUDY SELECTION: Observational studies of cigarette smoking habits in pregnant women. Outcomes included cleft lip and/or palate, cleft lip  ±  palate and cleft palate only. DATA ANALYSIS: Publication bias analyses were performed and the Newcastle Ottawa scales were used to assess study quality. Fixed or random effect models were used in the meta-analysis, dependent on risk of statistical heterogeneity. RESULTS: Forty-five studies were eligible for inclusion of which 11 were cohort and 34 were case–control studies. Sixteen studies were of sufficient standard for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The summary odds ratio for the association between smoking and cleft lip and/or palate was 1.42 (95%CI 1.27-1.59) with a population attributable fraction of 4% (95%CI 3%-5%). There was limited evidence to show a dose–response effect of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: This review reports a moderate association between maternal smoking and orofacial cleft but the overall quality of the conventional observational studies included was poor. There is a need for high quality and novel research strategies to further define the role of smoking in the etiology of cleft lip and palate

An Exploration of Young Australian Women's Smoking Cessation Goals across the Trajectory of Pregnancy and Post Birth

Objective: Young pregnant women are more likely than other pregnant women to smoke tobacco during pregnancy and post birth. This study explored young women’s perceptions of the factors which impact their smoking cessation goals throughout pregnancy and post birth. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study was performed at two metropolitan obstetric hospitals in Western Australia. Forty three women aged 16 to 24 years old who reported smoking tobacco at their first antenatal visit were interviewed at each scheduled antenatal visit and every two weeks up to six weeks post birth. Interviews were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: A total of 244 interviews were performed; a mean of six interviews per woman (four in pregnancy and two post birth). Four overarching themes across three time periods were identified: the baby; the social bond of smoking; the chaotic nature of life; and access to social support. Pregnant women had a foetus-centric approach to cessation. Post birth those who sustained cessation held this belief for their newborn, whilst those who relapsed did not. The social bond of smoking highlighted smoking as the norm. Initially, women sought out non-smokers to support them. A partner’s smoking status post birth appeared pivotal to remaining tobacco free. The chaotic nature of life, reflected through multiple stressful, negative events, challenged women in achieving their smoking cessation goals. Women who sought social support appeared to stay smoke free post birth. Conclusion: The longitudinal nature of this study provides new insight into complex issues faced by this marginalised group of young, pregnant, tobacco smokers throughout the journey of pregnancy and post birth. Findings enhance our understanding of the complex real life issues some young pregnant Australian smokers face and may be considered when women focused smoking cessation interventions are developed

A longitudinal investigation of childhood communication ability and adolescent psychotic experiences in a community sample

Background: Some childhood speech and language impairments precede psychosis but it is not clear whether they also precede adolescent psychotic experiences and whether this association is specific to psychotic experiences. Methods: Pragmatic language and expressive speech and language (parent-assessed using the Children's Communication Checklist) at age 9 and psychotic experiences and depression at ages 12 and 18 were investigated in 7659 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Associations were investigated using multivariate modelling. Results: Poorer pragmatic language at 9 years was associated with psychotic experiences at both ages (12 years OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11, 1.34; 18 years OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10, 1.41) but only with depression at 18 years (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00, 1.22). Poorer expressive speech and language ability was not associated with psychotic experiences or depression at either age. There was evidence that pragmatic language was specifically associated with psychotic experiences at age 12 but no evidence that the strength of any of the associations changed over time. Conclusions: Deficits in pragmatic language precede early and late adolescent psychotic experiences and early adolescent depression. Interventions aimed at helping children improve pragmatic language skills may reduce the incidence of adolescent psychopathology and associated psychological disorder and dysfunction later in life