NewRobustGlobalMotionEstimationApproachUsedinMPEG-4 ∗

This paper presents a new robust global motion estimation method based on pre-analysis of the video content. The novel idea in the proposed method, compared to classical robust statistics-based estimation methods, is to classify the video sequences into 3 classes based on the analysis of scene content before motion estimation. Different motion models and estimation methods are applied to different classes of image sequences. As a result, outliers can be identified and removed from the dominant motion estimate to solve the problem of inaccurate initial descending direction estimates associated with classical global motion estimation methods. The pre-analysis of scene content is based on the STGS (Spatial Temporal Gradient Scale) images derived from the original image sequences. The extra computation time for STGS-image-based pre-analysis of scene content is negligible compared to the overall speed and accuracy improvement achieved with the proposed method. Evaluations based on extensive experiments have shown that the proposed method significantly improves the speed of robust global motion estimation methods (saving about 50 % of the execution time of the classical methods). Keywords dominant motion estimation � robust statistics � STGS image � GN method The Global Motion Estimation (GME) technique is important for ‘sprites ’ generation and objec

Enhancing Multimedia Streaming Performance Through Peer-Paired Collaboration

In this paper, a novel multimedia streaming framework called peer-paired pyramid streaming (P S) is proposed. The philosophy of P S is to enable collaboration between clients so as to bring in better performance. The structure of P S is basically a hybrid client/server and peer-to-peer structure and exhibits a triangle-cell based hierarchy. Based on P S, performance enhancement techniques are designed to increase the aggregated bandwidth of all participants. We present an optimal data allocation algorithm, which maximizes the overall throughput of the whole streaming session. We also present a greedy data allocation algorithm that is slightly suboptimal but much simpler. Extensive simulations were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed techniques

H.26L-based fine granularity scalable video coding

This paper proposes an efficient scalable coding scheme with fine-grain scalability, where the base layer is encoded with H.26L, and the enhancement layer is encoded with PFGS coding. Motion compensation with adaptive block size has greatly contributed to the coding efficiency improvement in H.26L. In order to improve efficiency of the enhancement layer coding, an improved motion estimation scheme that uses both information from the base layer and the enhancement layer is also proposed in this paper. As H.26L significantly improves the coding efficiency of the base layer compared with MPEG-4 ASP (Advanced Simple Profile) and PFGS coding is a significant improvement over MPEG-4 FGS at the enhancement layer, the proposed scheme, which is a nontrivial extension of PFGS to H.26L, can benefit from both H.26L and PFGS coding. Experiments show that the overall coding efficiency gain of the proposed scheme is about 4.0dB compared with MPEG-4 FGS. 1

Efficient and fully scalable encryption for MPEG-4 FGS

Scalability (FGS) video coding standard offers full scalability to enable easy and flexible adaptation to changing constraints and different requirements. Encryption of an FGS stream should preserve the full scalability. In this paper, we propose a novel and low complexity scheme to encrypt MPEG-4 FGS streams which enables full FGS functionalities. The encrypted FGS stream can be processed by middle stages directly on the ciphertext without decryption. In addition, the proposed scheme has no degradation on either FGS compression efficiency or error resilient performance, and allows random access. Experimental results as well as a preliminary security analysis of the proposed scheme are also included in this paper. Keywords: Video encryption, multimedia security, MPEG-4, FGS, scalable, error resilience, DRM

Layered access control for MPEG-4 FGS video

MPEG-4 has recently adopted the Fine Granularity Scalability (FGS) video coding technology which enables easy and flexible adaptation to bandwidth fluctuations and device capabilities. Encryption for FGS should preserve such adaptation capabilities and allow intermediate stages in the delivery to process the media on the ciphertext directly. In this paper, we propose a novel scalable access control scheme with this property for the MPEG-4 FGS format. It offers free browsing of the lowquality base layer video but controls the access to the enhancement layer at different service levels based on either PSNR or bitrates. Both types of service levels are supported simultaneously without jeopardizing each other’s security. The scheme is fast and degrades neither compression efficiency nor error resilience of the MPEG-4 FGS. The approach is also applicable to other scalable multimedia. 1

When Most Quickly Developing Technique Meets with Most Quickly Developing Country: Towards Understanding Internet in China

Abstract- To a large extent, governments and organizations worldwide have recognized that either the broader information communication technologies (ICTs) sector or specifically with respect to Internet, are becoming crucial components of global commerce and human society. However, discussions on the socioeconomic impacts of ICTs and Internet have been taken place for several years across nearly all the countries and it is far from clear that what they should be, due in large part to the inherently multi-dimensional and rapid natures. With the consideration that Internet performs one of the most vivid and important roles under “ICTs ” umbrella, in this paper we attempt to concentrate on the insightful understanding towards the impacts of Internet in China. We mainly make a quantitative analysis to the social impacts from the perspective of humans on a domestic survey basis. Moreover, several fundamental observations along with its growth and socio-economic development are also extensively investigated, and motivate us to further propose many corresponding suggestions to achieve harmonious development of both the society and Internet itself