The genus Amorphophallus Blume ex Decaisne (Araceae - Thomsonieae) in Java

An Alpha-taxonomic account of Amorphophallus Blume ex Decaisne in Java including key identification to the species is presented. Eight species are recognized in Java, of which five species are endemic. Full description as well as the usages of some species as source of starch are presented

CONSERVATION STATUS OF AMORPHOPHALLUS DISCOPHORUS BACKER & ALDERW. (ARACEAE) IN JAVA, INDONESIA

Amorphophallus discophorus Backer &amp; Alderw. is one of the Javan endemic aroid species. This species is locally endemic to the slopes of Mount Wilis in Kediri Regency (East Java) at elevations between 600–1300 m. Poorly known species like A. discophorus could easily become extinct if not distinguished from other species, such as A. muelleri, that are used for commercial purposes. The conversion of natural forests for agriculture over the last decade has resulted in a loss of suitable habitat for this species. Several field trips undertaken to locate natural populations of this species have proved unsuccessful. Based on these field exercises, A. discophorus is regarded as presumed extinct in the wild.</p

The Diversity and Conservation of Piper (Piperaceae) in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung Province

Piper (Piperaceae) is an aromatic plant genus, some species of which can also be used as ornamental plants. We have carried out plant exploration in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS) of Lampung Province, which is known as one of the centres of diversity for Piper species. This field exploration aimed to contribute to the inventory of Piper species in Sumatera. A purposive sampling method was employed. The work was carried out from 2011 to 2014 in four resorts of TNBBS, viz. Kubu Perahu Resort, Sukaraja Atas Resort, Pugung Tampak Resort and Sekincau Resort. The results revealed that there are 21 Piper species present in TNBBS; of which one species is a tree, six species are shrubs, and the other 14 species are climbers. All these species have been cultivated as collections in Bogor Botanic Gardens (West Jawa Province) and also in Liwa Botanic Garden (West Lampung Province), for ex-situ conservation purposes. Results of analysis of morphological characters are discussed along with information about the USAge of the species. A key to the species and maps showing their distribution are presented in the paper

Analysis of Nutrient and Anti-Nutrient Compositions of “Suweg” (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) Cultivated in Java

Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennts.) Nicolson belongs to the family Araceae. It is also known as&nbsp; elephant foot yam or suweg, notably for the Javanese. It is a common species in Java and is cultivated for its edible tubers. The suweg tubers used for this research were collected from Kuningan (West Java), Yogyakarta and Kediri (East Java). The study aimed to elucidate the nutrient and anti-nutrient compositions of suweg’s tuber, including carbohydrate, fat, proteins and minerals viz. Ca, Fe and P. The Kjeldhal method was used for protein determination, soxhlet extraction method for lipids, spectrophotometer method for carbohydrate, and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method was used for mineral elements. Anti-nutrient contents determinated were Ca Oxalate and HCN using spectrophotometer method.&nbsp; Both fresh tuber and flour powder of suweg were analysed to indicate the highest percentage of Ca Oxalate content. The results showed that nutrient contents of suweg were carbohydrate 87.02 %, protein 7.08 % and fat 0.18%. These indicated that suweg has high carbohydrate and low fat contents; therefore it is suitable for dietary therapy. The concentration of anti-nutrient, such as Ca Oxalate was lower on the flour powder (0.01 %) rather than fresh tuber (0,21 %). This means the tuber of suweg was not harmful to consume after being processed

Effect of Growing Media on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)

Porang is a food crop that can be cultivated on marginal land. It used&nbsp; for alternative food, because of the high content of glucomannan. This plant can be propagated by bulbils, tuber orleafcutting, but seed common use as propagation material. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different growing media on seed germination and seedling growth of Amorphophallus muelleri (porang) in Bogor Botanic Gardens. The treatment consisted of three growing media (sand, cocopeat and rice husk charcoal) laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The following parameters were assessed: days to first germination, germination percentage, plant height, petiole diameter, leaf diameter, leaf length, leaf width, number of roots, root length, tuber diameter, fresh weight of tuber and fresh weight of plant. The best results for leaf width (2.70 cm) and root length (13.28 cm) were obtained in sand medium. Most rapid seed germination was found in cocopeat medium. The best results for germination percentage, plant height, petiole diameter, leaf diameter, number of roots, tuber diameter, fresh weight of plant and fresh weight of tuber were 72.33%, 19.67 cm, 3.35 cm, 8.89 cm, 25.93 cm, 16.65 cm, 2.43 g and 5.77 g., respectively in rice husk charcoal medium. On the other hand, the cocopeat medium showed unsatisfied results. It was also found that vegetative growth of seedlings could be effectively classified into four identifiable stages

PETA SEBARAN POPULASI Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. ex Arcang DI LAMPUNG, SUMATERA: UPAYA MENUJU PROPOSAL KE IUCN Red Data List DAN KONSERVASI Ex Situ

Amorphophallus &nbsp;titanum &nbsp;(Becc.) &nbsp;Becc. &nbsp;ex. &nbsp;Arcang &nbsp;belongs &nbsp;to &nbsp;Araceae &nbsp;family. &nbsp;The &nbsp;genus &nbsp;Amorphophallus consists of 220 species which is distributed in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. About 26 species have been recorded in Indonesia or 11.6 % of the total Amorphophallus in the world. Sumatera Island has the highest endemic Amorphophallus species, encompasses 11 species, of which seven species are endemic, such as A. titanum. The presence of &nbsp;A. titanum in its natural habitat has &nbsp;been alarming. The &nbsp;lowland forests of Sumatera have been widely converted into agricultural and housing, thus may affect the rate of extinction of A. titanum in nature. The aim of this study is to provide the distribution map of A titanum in Lampung. Several sites in national parks, protected forests and community forests were observed for the research. This research was carried out from 2011 to 2016 using explorative method. The results showed that less than 10 mature individuals of A. titanum were found in each location. This indicates that this species is vulnerable, or even leading to extinction in future if not immediately protected. The result of this research will be proposed for reassessing the conservation status of A. titanum. All specimens of A. titanum collected from the forests are cultivated in Liwa Botanic Garden and Bogor Botanic Garden as an ex situ conservation action for the species

Potensi Biomassa Dan Cadangan Karbon Kebun Raya Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur

Kebun Raya Balikpapan dengan luas area 309,22 ha merupakan sebagian kecil dari 10.000 ha Hutan Lindung Sungai Wain di Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia, yang dialihfungsikan sebagai Kebun Raya. Salah satu peran Kebun Raya Balikpapan adalah penyedia jasa lingkungan diantaranya mengurangi terjadinya pemanasan global melalui penghasil biomassa dan menjaga cadangan karbon. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi besarnya biomassa dan cadangan karbon di Kebun Raya Balikpapan serta mengetahui persentase komponen hutan dalam menyumbang cadangan karbon. Data utama diambil dari Kebun Raya Balikpapan dengan menggunakan metode kombinasi jalur dan petak, sedangkan teknik penempatan petak contoh dilakukan secara terarah (purposive sampling). Setiap unit contoh diambil data pohon berdiri, necromass, tumbuhan bawah, serasah dan contoh tanah. Pendugaan potensi biomassa dan karbon pada pohon dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode non destruktif, sedangkan tumbuhan bawah dan serasah dilakukan dengan metode destruktif. Kebun Raya Balikpapan mempunyai peran yang besar dalam penyimpanan biomassa dan cadangan karbon. Rata-rata biomassa di Kebun Raya Balikpapan sebesar 203,42 ton/ha dan cadangan karbon sebesar 141,55 ton/ha. Total biomassa Kebun Raya Balikpapan sebesar 58.990,8 ton dan cadangan karbon sebesar 41.049,0 ton. Komponen terbesar penyumbang cadangan karbon adalah pohon hidup (48,50%) dan tanah (28,15%)

STUDI BEBERAPA ASPEK BOTANI Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Dennst. Nicolson (Araceae) DI LEMBAH PALU

Penelitian tentang tumbuhan Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Dennst. Nicolson di Lembah Palu dilakukan dengan metode survey dan metode deskriptif pada bulan Desember 2011 sampai April 2012.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari beberapa aspek botani dari tumbuhan Amorphophallus paeoniifolius meliputi anatomi, ekologi (pengukuran faktor lingkungan abiotik, biotik, sosial ekonomi masyarakat) serta  morfologi. Pengamatan faktor lingkungan biotik  dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan di dua lokasi dengan menggunakan 5 plot pada tiap lokasi untuk tingkat pohon, sapling dan anakan, serta pengamatan jenis fauna. Penelitian deskriptif meliputi identifikasi jenis Amorphophallus, morfologi dan anatomi, dilakukan di Herbarium Celebense dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi. Hasil pengamatan anatomi menunjukkan adanya dua tipe stomata berbeda pada daun dan bunga, serta pigmen warna bunga yang terdiri dari antosianin, xantofil dan klorofil. Pohon yang dominan di lokasi penelitian adalah  Cocos nucifera  dan Lannea grandis.  Jenis fauna teridentifikasi adalah burung Pignonotus aurigaster dan serangga Scarabaeidae (Onthophagus sp) yang berperan penting dalam Amorphophallus yaitu sebagai penyebar biji dan polinator. Amorphophallus termasuk famili Araceae memiliki daun lengkap, majemuk dan batang semu warna hijau dengan totol putih. Merupakan modifikasi batang (umbi). Bunga majemuk tipe tongkol (spadix), dengan bunga jantan dan betina yang bersifat protogeni, serta mengeluarkan bau khas

KAJIAN HABITAT DAN POPULASI PASAK BUMI (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) DI BLOK BARAT KAWASAN HUTAN KONSERVASI PT SABHANTARA RAWI SENTOSA, KUTAI TIMUR, KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) is an Indonesian native plant species and widely used for its medicinal properties from generation to generation. The demand for this medicinal plant is increasing, both nationwide and worldwide. In contrary to the increasing demands, there are no plantations or such efforts to cultivate this plant to meet commercial needs. Thus, people fulfil the demands by harvesting the plants from its natural habitats in forests. In addition to this lack, there have been forest conversions into other uses such as mining, oil palm plantations and other uses. All those facts result in the decrease of pasak bumi population in the wild, and become the threats for the existence of this species. This study aims to observe the habitat and population of Eurycoma longifolia Jack in its natural habitat at the western block of the conservation forest of PT Sabhantara Rawi Sentosa in Kutai Timur, East Kalimantan. The study applied a transect survey method, comprising five transect lines, each transect contains 10 plots. The results showed that wild population of E. longifolia on the research site was very low. Only one seedling of E. longifolia found in the observation plots, however there were several individuals growing outside the observation plots. Heavy exploitation of the plant and forest conversion into other uses caused the population decrease. Researches to provide bases for commercial plantation of the E. longifolia are strongly recommended to ensure the existence of the species

The Diversity and Conservation of Piper (Piperaceae) in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung Province

Piper (Piperaceae) is an aromatic plant genus, some species of which can also be used as ornamental plants. We have carried out plant exploration in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS) of Lampung Province, which is known as one of the centres of diversity for Piper species. This field exploration aimed to contribute to the inventory of Piper species in Sumatera. A purposive sampling method was employed. The work was carried out from 2011 to 2014 in four resorts of TNBBS, viz. Kubu Perahu Resort, Sukaraja Atas Resort, Pugung Tampak Resort and Sekincau Resort. The results revealed that there are 21 Piper species present in TNBBS; of which one species is a tree, six species are shrubs, and the other 14 species are climbers. All these species have been cultivated as collections in Bogor Botanic Gardens (West Jawa Province) and also in Liwa Botanic Garden (West Lampung Province), for ex-situ conservation purposes. Results of analysis of morphological characters are discussed along with information about the usage of the species. A key to the species and maps showing their distribution are presented in the paper.Keywords: Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, exploration, Piper spp