catena-Poly[[tri-n-butyl­tin(IV)]-μ-2-thio­phene­acetato]

The title compound, [Sn(C4H9)3(C6H5O2S)]n, possesses an infinite chain structure. The SnO2C3 centre has a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry (τ = 0.145) with the O atoms in the axial positions. Atoms of the thio­phene group S1 and C4 are disordered over two sites The S atom and one C atom, with attached H atom, of the thiophene ring are disordered over two positions; the site occupancy factors are ca 0.7 and 0.3

Adsorption and desorption characteristics of coal seam gas under infrared radiation

Infrared radiation technology can enhance rock permeability and promote methane desorption in coalbed methane thermal recovery. In this study, an experimental system with infrared radiation is developed to investigate the adsorption/desorption behavior of coal under different water contents. The results demonstrate that higher power levels of infrared radiation lead to decreased adsorption capacity and increased desorption capacity in coal. Specifically, employing 50 W infrared radiation results in a 30.9% increase in desorption capacity. Higher moisture content intensifies the desorption hysteresis effect, while this adverse impact can be mitigated by infrared radiation with greater power levels, exhibiting a stronger ability to reduce desorption-induced hysteresis. Additionally, a critical pressure for infrared radiation is established. Before and after this pressure, the influence of infrared radiation power on pressure sensitivity differs significantly. Finally, an improved Langmuir adsorption model considering infrared radiation power and moisture content is proposed and validated using experimental data. Our research expands the application of infrared radiation technology for enhanced coalbed methane recovery during actual mining operations.Document Type: Original articleCited as: Tu, Y., Zhang, Y., Dong, Y., Ma, Y. Adsorption and desorption characteristics of coal seam gas under infrared radiation. Capillarity, 2023, 8(3): 53-64. https://doi.org/10.46690/capi.2023.09.0

2-(Ethoxy­carbon­yl)quinolinium butyl­trichlorido(quinoline-2-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N,O)stannate(IV)

In the title compound, (C12H12NO2)[Sn(C4H9)(C10H6NO2)Cl3], the Sn atom is coordinated by one O and one N atom of a quinolinium-2-carboxyl­ate anion, three Cl atoms and one butyl ligand within a distorted octa­hedron. Three C atoms of the butyl ligand are disordered and were refined using a split model; the site occupancies are 0.57 and 0.43. The NH group of the cation is involved in inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding

Response of Soil Respiration to Precipitation Variation in Alfalfa Grassland on the Western Loess Plateau: Hysteresis and Diel Q\u3csub\u3e10\u3c/sub\u3e

Soil respiration (Rs) plays an important role in the terrestrial carbon cycle, but how precipitation variation affects Rs in alfalfa grassland is poorly understood. To explore the effects of precipitation variation on Rs, this experiment was conducted by using rainfall shelters to simulate 30% precipitation reduction (P-30), normal precipitation (CK) and 30% precipitation increase (P+30) for an alfalfa (Medicago sativa) grassland in the Qingyang city, Gansu province, China. Rs was measured continuously using an automated soil respiration system (model LI-8100A with an LI-8150 multiplexer, LI-COR, Nebraska, USA) during the overwintering preparation period of alfalfa. The results showed that the Rs under P-30 and P+30 conditions were significantly higher than under CK treatment by 12.3% and 21.8% (P\u3c 0.05), respectively. The Q10 (temperature sensitivity of soil respiration) under P-30 condition was significantly higher than P+30 treatment by 12.3%. The mean time lag between Rs and soil temperature (Ts) was 2hrs in three precipitation treatments, with Rs getting to the peak earlier than Ts. The Q10 decreases with increasing volumetric water content (VWC), and Rs increases with temperature increasing during the overwintering preparation period of alfalfa. Therefore, the effects of precipitation variation on Rs, identified in this study, will facilitate the assessment and simulation of ecosystem carbon cycling of artificial alfalfa grassland ecosystem on the Loess Plateau

Giant perivascular spaces: two case reports

Giant perivascular spaces or Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs) are uniquely inherent developmental malformation and are generally lined by ependymal or leptomeningeal cells. The cerebral hemispheres with VRSs present multiple cysts of curvilinear, round, oval, or layered configuration, which have the same signal intensity as the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and represent extremely dilated VRSs. The cortex became extremely thin with a well-defined margin. Herein, we report two cases of true giant perivascular spaces and present a review of pertinent literature. A patient has multiple cysts in the unilateral and bilateral and has polycystic liver. The clinical presentation, image logical features, and diagnosis are discussed

Elimination of the confrontation between theory and experiment in flexoelectric Bi2GeO5

In this paper, we have investigated the flexoelectric effect of Bi2GeO5(BGO), successfully predicted the maximum flexoelectric coefficient of BGO, and tried to explore the difference between experimental and simulated flexoelectric coefficients.Comment: 16 pages,6 figure

Manipulation of host immune defenses by effector proteins delivered from multiple secretion systems of Salmonella and its application in vaccine research

Salmonella is an important zoonotic bacterial species and hazardous for the health of human beings and livestock globally. Depending on the host, Salmonella can cause diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to life-threatening systemic infection. In this review, we discuss the effector proteins used by Salmonella to evade or manipulate four different levels of host immune defenses: commensal flora, intestinal epithelial-mucosal barrier, innate and adaptive immunity. At present, Salmonella has evolved a variety of strategies against host defense mechanisms, among which various effector proteins delivered by the secretory systems play a key role. During its passage through the digestive system, Salmonella has to face the intact intestinal epithelial barrier as well as competition with commensal flora. After invasion of host cells, Salmonella manipulates inflammatory pathways, ubiquitination and autophagy processes with the help of effector proteins. Finally, Salmonella evades the adaptive immune system by interfering the migration of dendritic cells and interacting with T and B lymphocytes. In conclusion, Salmonella can manipulate multiple aspects of host defense to promote its replication in the host

Association between tea drinking and disability levels in older Chinese adults: a longitudinal analysis

ObjectiveAs the global population ages, disability among the elderly presents unprecedented challenges for healthcare systems. However, limited research has examined whether dietary interventions like tea consumption may alleviate and prevent disability in older adults. As an important dietary therapy, the health benefits of tea drinking have gained recognition across research disciplines. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between tea drinking habits and disability levels in the elderly Chinese population.MethodsLeveraging data from the 2008 to 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, we disaggregated tea drinking frequency and activities of daily living (ADL) measures and deployed fixed-effect ordered logit models to examine the tea-disability association for the first time. We statistically adjusted for potential confounders and conducted stratified analyses to assess heterogeneity across subpopulations.ResultsMultivariable fixed-effect ordered logistic regression suggested tea drinking has protective effects against ADL disability. However, only daily tea drinking was associated with lower risks of basic activities of daily living (BADL) disability [odds ratio (OR) = 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41–0.92] and lower levels of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability (OR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64–0.95). Stratified analyses indicated heterogeneous effects across age and income groups. Daily tea drinking protected against BADL (OR = 0.26 and OR = 0.28) and IADL disability (OR = 0.48 and OR = 0.45) for adults over 83 years old and high-income households, respectively.ConclusionWe found that drinking tea almost daily was protective against disability in elderly people, warranting further research into optimal dosages. Future studies should utilize more rigorous causal inference methods and control for confounders