Vascular architecture characters and risk factors analysis of unstable moyamoya disease

BackgroundIn some MMD patients, the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examination found, occlusion in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery, accompanied by the formation of numerous moyamoya vessels. Conversely, the contralateral internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery shows signs of stenosis without the presence of moyamoya vessels. Notably, cerebral perfusion studies reveal a similar or even more severe reduction in perfusion on the occluded side compared to the stenotic side. Importantly, clinical symptoms in these patients are typically attributed to ischemia caused by the stenotic side. This condition is referred to as unstable moyamoya disease (uMMD).ObjectiveThis clinical research focuses on evaluating risk factors related to MMD and developing strategies to minimize postoperative complications. The study aims to analyze vascular characteristics and identify potential risk factors in patients with uMMD.MethodsThe authors reviewed consecutive cases with complete clinical and radiological documentation of patients who underwent surgery between January 2018 and June 2023. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed to understand the risk factors and prognosis of postoperative complications in uMMD.ResultsPostoperative complications were retrospectively analyzed in 1481 patients (aged 14 to 65). Among them, 1,429 patients were assigned to the conventional treatment group, while 52 were in the unstable moyamoya disease group. The uMMD treatment group showed a significantly higher incidence of early postoperative complications such as RIND, cerebral infarction, and cerebral hemorrhage (p < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted on the postoperative complications of 52 uMMD patients. Initial symptoms of stenosis ≤50% (univariate: p = 0.008, multivariate: p = 0.015; OR [95% CI] =23.149 [1.853–289.217]) and choosing occluded side surgery (univariate: p = 0.043, multivariate: p = 0.018; OR [95% CI] =0.059 [0.006–0.617]) were identified as significant risk factors for postoperative neurological complications.ConclusionCompared to the conventional treatment group, uMMD has higher complication rates, with vascular stenosis degree and surgical side selection identified as significant risk factors. A comprehensive understanding of preoperative clinical symptoms and vascular characteristics in moyamoya disease patients, coupled with the formulation of rational surgical plans, contributes positively to decreasing postoperative mortality and disability rates in uMMD

Investigating the L-Glu-NMDA receptor-H2S-NMDA receptor pathway that regulates gastric function in rats’ nucleus ambiguus

BackgroundIn previous investigations, we explored the regulation of gastric function by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and L-glutamate (L-Glu) injections in the nucleus ambiguus (NA). We also determined that both H2S and L-Glu have roles to play in the physiological activities of the body, and that NA is an important nucleus for receiving visceral sensations. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential pathway link between L-Glu and H2S, resulting in the regulation of gastric function.MethodsPhysiological saline (PS), L-glutamate (L-Glu, 2 nmol), NaHS (2 nmol), D-2-amino-5-phopho-novalerate (D-AP5, 2 nmol) + L-Glu (2 nmol), aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, 2 nmol) + L-Glu (2 nmol), D-AP5 (2 nmol) + NaHS (2 nmol) were injected into the NA. A balloon was inserted into the stomach to observe gastric pressure and for recording the changes of gastric smooth muscle contraction curve. The gastric fluid was collected by esophageal perfusion and for recording the change of gastric pH value.ResultsInjecting L-Glu in NA was found to significantly inhibit gastric motility and promote gastric acid secretion in rats (p < 0.01). On the other hand, injecting the PS, pre-injection N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker D-AP5, cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) inhibitor AOAA and re-injection L-Glu did not result in significant changes (p > 0.05). The same injection NaHS significantly inhibit gastric motility and promote gastric acid secretion in rats (p < 0.01), but is eliminated by injection D-AP5 (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe results indicate that both exogenous L-Glu and H2S injected in NA regulate gastric motility and gastric acid secretion through NMDA receptors. This suggests that NA has an L-Glu-NMDA receptor-CBS-H2S pathway that regulates gastric function

Study and Application of Polymer Film-Forming Shielding Plugging Drilling Fluid System

To solve the low cementing quality of acoustic logging and some distensible well diameters in high permeable layer of Daqing Lamadian oilfield, we have carried out the study and field application of polymer film-forming shielding plugging drilling fluid system. By adding this polymer film-forming shielding plugging agent to macromolecule emulsion drilling fluid, the shielding and plugging effect will be improved. Combined with the experiment and analysis, we optimize the adding amount of this agent to improve the performance of drilling fluid system. From the application effect, the cementing quality of acoustic logging has been improved obviously. This system has been applied in 20 wells and there are 15 high quality wells. The merit factor of well cementing reaches 75%

Automatic Repair Method for Null Pointer Dereferences Guided by Program Dependency Graph

Automatic program repair (APR) is an effective technique for eliminating defects. The repair of null pointer dereferences, as the most common defects, requires accurate dependencies among statements to determine where to repair and how to repair. In order to precisely identify the data and control dependencies, the program dependency graph is adopted. Based on the symmetry among a large number of patches, we propose four repair mechanisms in this passage, namely the assignment mechanism, restraint mechanism, evading mechanism, and transfer mechanism, and employ the decision tree algorithm to match the best repair mechanism for defects. The four repair mechanisms locate the accurate repair position using the program dependency graph, and generate candidate patches by reassigning the null pointer with an appropriate value, making a judgment for the null value in advance, or throwing an exception. Our method was implemented in the repair tool DTSFix, which supports the automatic repair of null pointer dereference in Java programs. The experimental result on Defects4J shows that 73% of null pointer dereferences are successfully repaired by DTSFix, and that the generated candidate patches do not contain over-fitting patches

Heat-Induced Interactions between Whey Protein and Inulin and Changes in Physicochemical and Antioxidative Properties of the Complexes

Whey protein and inulin at various weight ratios were dry heated at 60 °C for 5 days under relative humidity of 63%. The heated mixtures were found to have significant changes in browning intensity and zeta-potential compared to untreated mixture. Heated samples showed significantly lower surface hydrophobicity than untreated mixtures. Compared with untreated samples, dry-heated samples showed significantly higher 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability with whey protein to inulin mass ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 and significantly higher 2,2′-Azinobis(2-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonate) (ABTS) scavenging abilities and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) at all weight ratios. Dry heat-induced interactions between whey protein and inulin was confirmed by changes in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) protein profile, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Far-ultraviolet Circular Dichroism (Far-UV CD) spectra. Dry heating caused physicochemical and structural changes of whey protein and therefore the complexes can be used to improve the antioxidative properties of the mixture under certain conditions

Abatement of Toluene by Reverse-Flow Nonthermal Plasma Reactor Coupled with Catalyst

In order to make full use of the heat in nonthermal plasma systems and decrease the generation of by-products, a reverse-flow nonthermal plasma reactor coupled with catalyst was used for the abatement of toluene. In this study, the toluene degradation performance of different reactors was compared under the same conditions. The mechanism of toluene abatement by nonthermal plasma coupled with catalyst was explored, combined with the generation of ozone (O3), NO2, and organic by-products during the reaction process. It was found that a long reverse cycle time of the reactor and a short residence time of toluene decreased the internal reactor temperature, which was not beneficial for the degradation of toluene. Compared with the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, toluene degradation efficiency in the double dielectric barrier discharge (DDBD) reactor was improved at the same discharge energy level, but the concentrations of NO2 and O3 in the effluent were relatively high; this was improved after the introduction of a catalyst. In the reverse-flow nonthermal plasma reactor coupled with catalyst, the CO2 selectivity was the highest, while the selectivity and amount of NO2 was the lowest and aromatics, acids, and ketones were the main gaseous organic by-products in the effluent. The reverse-flow DBD-catalyst reactor was successful in decreasing organic by-products, while the types of organic by-products in the DDBD reactor were much more than those in the DBD reactor

Applications of nanomaterials in endometriosis treatment

Endometriosis is a common disease of the reproductive system in women of childbearing age with an unclear pathogenesis. Endometriosis mainly manifests as dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain, and infertility. Currently, medical therapy and surgical treatment are usually used for endometriosis treatment. However, due to the high recurrence rate and many complications, it has greatly affected patients’ quality of life. Nanotechnology is a new technology that mainly investigates the characteristics and applications of nanomaterials. To date, nanotechnology has received widespread attention in the field of biomedicine. Nanomaterials can not only be used as drugs to treat endometriosis directly, but also enhance the therapeutic effect of endometriosis by delivering drugs, siRNA, antibodies, vesicles, etc. This review comprehensively discusses nanomaterial-based therapies for endometriosis treatment, such as nanomaterial-based gene therapy, photothermal therapy, immunotherapy, and magnetic hyperthermia, which provides a theoretical reference for the clinical application of nanotechnology in the treatment of endometriosis