251 research outputs found
Symbolic bisimulation for quantum processes
With the previous notions of bisimulation presented in literature, to check
if two quantum processes are bisimilar, we have to instantiate the free quantum
variables of them with arbitrary quantum states, and verify the bisimilarity of
resultant configurations. This makes checking bisimilarity infeasible from an
algorithmic point of view because quantum states constitute a continuum. In
this paper, we introduce a symbolic operational semantics for quantum processes
directly at the quantum operation level, which allows us to describe the
bisimulation between quantum processes without resorting to quantum states. We
show that the symbolic bisimulation defined here is equivalent to the open
bisimulation for quantum processes in the previous work, when strong
bisimulations are considered. An algorithm for checking symbolic ground
bisimilarity is presented. We also give a modal logical characterisation for
quantum bisimilarity based on an extension of Hennessy-Milner logic to quantum
processes.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figures, comments are welcom
Human Resource Flow and Software Firm Performance: The Role of Direct vs. Indirect Competitors
Recent years have witnessed increasingly stiff competition for talents among software firms. The economic impact of obtaining workers from or losing workers to competing firms, however, has rarely been quantified. Built on the literature of human resource flow and firm competition, this study examines the impact of human resource flows from and to different types of competitors on company performance. In particular, we divide competitors into direct and indirect competitors according to their market and resource similarity. Using a large dataset on labour mobility derived from LinkedIn.com, we quantify the impact of employees who came from or joined direct and indirect competitors respectively. We find that employees from competitors bring great benefits to the recipient firms. Specifically, a 1 percent increase of the number of employees from direct (indirect) competitors that join the focal company in the previous year increases the companyâs economic value added by 0.054 (0.074) percent in the current year. Our results also contribute to the existing literature on human resources and company strategy and provide practical implications to recruiters and policy makers in the software industry
Immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk of COVIDâ19 breakthrough infection, hospitalization, and death in the postâvaccination era: A systematic review
Introduction: Immunocompromised individuals have been shown to mount a reduced response to vaccination, resulting in reduced vaccine effectiveness in this cohort. Therefore, in the postvaccination era, immunocompromised individuals remain at high risk of breakthrough infection and COVIDâ19 related hospitalization and death, which persist despite vaccination efforts. There has been a marked paucity of systematic reviews evaluating existing data describing the clinical measures of efficacy of COVIDâ19 vaccination, specifically in immunocompromised populations. In particular, there is a scarcity of comprehensive evaluations exploring breakthrough infections and severe COVIDâ19 in this patient population. Methods: To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review which aimed to provide a summary of current clinical evidence of the effectiveness of COVIDâ19 vaccination in the immunocompromised population. Using PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search on PubMed and the Cochrane database published between January 1, 2021 to September 1, 2022. Results: Our findings demonstrated that despite vaccination, immunocompromised patients remained at high risk of new breakthrough COVIDâ19 infection and severe COVIDâ19 outcomes compared to the general population. We found increased average relative risk (RR) of breakthrough infections in the immunocompromised population, including patients with cancer (RR = 1.4), HIV (RR = 1.92), chronic kidney disease (RR = 2.26), immunodeficiency (RR = 2.55), and organ transplant recipients (RR = 6.94). These patients are also at greater risk for hospitalizations and death following COVIDâ19 breakthrough infection. We found that the RR of hospitalization and death in Cancer patients was 1.08 and 2.82, respectively. Conclusion: This demonstrated that vaccination does not offer an adequate level of protection in these groups, necessitating further measures such as Evusheld and further boosters
Immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk of COVIDâ19 breakthrough infection, hospitalization, and death in the postâvaccination era:A systematic review
Introduction: Immunocompromised individuals have been shown to mount a reduced response to vaccination, resulting in reduced vaccine effectiveness in this cohort. Therefore, in the postvaccination era, immunocompromised individuals remain at high risk of breakthrough infection and COVIDâ19 related hospitalization and death, which persist despite vaccination efforts. There has been a marked paucity of systematic reviews evaluating existing data describing the clinical measures of efficacy of COVIDâ19 vaccination, specifically in immunocompromised populations. In particular, there is a scarcity of comprehensive evaluations exploring breakthrough infections and severe COVIDâ19 in this patient population. Methods: To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review which aimed to provide a summary of current clinical evidence of the effectiveness of COVIDâ19 vaccination in the immunocompromised population. Using PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search on PubMed and the Cochrane database published between January 1, 2021 to September 1, 2022. Results: Our findings demonstrated that despite vaccination, immunocompromised patients remained at high risk of new breakthrough COVIDâ19 infection and severe COVIDâ19 outcomes compared to the general population. We found increased average relative risk (RR) of breakthrough infections in the immunocompromised population, including patients with cancer (RR = 1.4), HIV (RR = 1.92), chronic kidney disease (RR = 2.26), immunodeficiency (RR = 2.55), and organ transplant recipients (RR = 6.94). These patients are also at greater risk for hospitalizations and death following COVIDâ19 breakthrough infection. We found that the RR of hospitalization and death in Cancer patients was 1.08 and 2.82, respectively. Conclusion: This demonstrated that vaccination does not offer an adequate level of protection in these groups, necessitating further measures such as Evusheld and further boosters
Influence of green financing, technology innovation, and trade openness on consumptionbased carbon emissions in BRICS countries
The study explores the dynamic effects of renewable energy investment
(green financing), green technology, and trade openness
on consumption-based (trade-adjusted) carbon emissions in BRICS
economies from 2000 to 2020. The study employs the cross-section
autoregressive distributed lag method for empirical estimation to
address slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependency issues in
panel data. The findings exhibit that green financing and sustainable
technologies mitigate consumption-based carbon emissions in the
long-run, while trade openness contributes to emissions in BRICS countries.
The short-run outcomes are compatible with long-run; however,
the magnitude of long-run estimates is larger than the short-run.
Moreover, the error correction term reveals a significant negative coefficient
value, endorsing the conversion towards steady-state equilibrium
with a 37% yearly adjustment rate in case of any deviation from
equilibrium. The robustness of results is confirmed through augmented
mean group and common correlated effect mean group.
These findings imply that BRICS countries should encourage financing
in renewable energy projects and allocate R&D investment to promote
the adaptation of sustainable technologies. In addition, sustainable
and green trade policies would help to curb trade-adjusted pollution
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