126 research outputs found
Concomitant Versus Individual Administration of Antithrombin and Thrombomodulin for Sepsis-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation:\nA Nationwide Japanese Registry Study
Trends and characteristics of severe road traffic injuries in children: a nationwide cohort study in Japan
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate temporal trends of characteristics of severe road traffic injuries in children and identify factors associated with mortality using a nationwide database in Japan. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB) from 2004 to 2018. We included patients with traffic injuries under the age of 18 who were hospitalized. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. We evaluated trends in characteristics and assessed factors associated with in-hospital mortality using a logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 4706 patients were analyzed. The most common mechanism of injury was bicycle crash (34.4%), followed by pedestrian (28.3%), and motorcycle crash (21.3%). The overall in-hospital mortality was 11.2%. We found decreasing trends in motorcycle crash and in-hospital mortality and increasing trends in rear passenger seats in cars over the 15-year period. The following factors were associated with in-hospital mortality: car crash (aOR 1.69, 95%CI 1.18–2.40), pedestrian (aOR 1.50, 95%CI 1.13–1.99), motorcycle crash (aOR 1.42, 95%CI 1.03–1.95) [bicycle crash as a reference]; concomitant injuries to head/neck (aOR 5.06, 95%CI 3.81–6.79), thorax (aOR 2.34, 95%CI 1.92–2.87), abdomen (aOR 1.74, 95%CI 1.29–2.33), pelvis/lower-extremity (aOR 1.57, 95%CI 1.23–2.00), spine (aOR 3.01, 95%CI 2.02–4.43); and 5-year increase in time period (aOR 0.80, 95%CI 0.70–0.91). Conclusions: We found decreasing trends in motorcycle crash and in-hospital mortality, increasing trends in rear passenger seats in cars over the 15-year period, and factors associated with in-hospital mortality such as type of mechanisms and concomitant injuries. Strengthening child road safety measures, particularly for rear passenger seats in vehicles, is imperative to enhance our dedication to injury prevention.The version of record of this article, first published in European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, is available online at Publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-023-02372-
Displacement-noise-free interferometeric gravitational-wave detector using unidirectional neutrons with four speeds
For further gravitational wave (GW) detections, it is significant to invent a
technique to reduce all kinds of mirror displacement noise dominant at low
frequencies for ground-based detectors. The neutron displacement-noise-free
interferometer (DFI) is one of the tools to reduce all the mirror displacement
noise at lower frequencies. In this paper, we describe a further simplified
configuration of a neutron DFI in terms of neutron incidence direction. In the
new configuration, neutrons enter the interferometer with unidirectional
incidence at four speeds as opposed to two bidirectional incidences of opposite
directions at two speeds as reported previously. This simplification of the
neutron DFI is significant for proof-of-principle experiments
Benefit profile of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation: a multicenter propensity score analysis
EMPRESS. II. Highly Fe-Enriched Metal-poor Galaxies with (Fe/O) and (O/H) : Possible Traces of Super Massive () Stars in Early Galaxies
We present element abundance ratios and ionizing radiation of local young
low-mass (~ M_sun) extremely metal poor galaxies (EMPGs) with a 2%
solar oxygen abundance (O/H)_sun and a high specific star-formation rate
(sSFR~300 Gyr), and other (extremely) metal poor galaxies, which are
compiled from Extremely Metal-Poor Representatives Explored by the Subaru
Survey (EMPRESS) and the literature. Weak emission lines such as [FeIII]4658
and HeII4686 are detected in very deep optical spectra of the EMPGs taken with
8m-class telescopes including Keck and Subaru (Kojima et al. 2019, Izotov et
al. 2018), enabling us to derive element abundance ratios with photoionization
models. We find that neon- and argon-to-oxygen ratios are comparable to those
of known local dwarf galaxies, and that the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratios
(N/O) are lower than 20% (N/O)_sun consistent with the low oxygen abundance.
However, the iron-to-oxygen abundance ratios (Fe/O) of the EMPGs are generally
high; the EMPGs with the 2%-solar oxygen abundance show high Fe/O ratios of
~90-140% (Fe/O)_sun, which are unlikely explained by suggested scenarios of
Type Ia supernova iron productions, iron's dust depletion, and metal-poor gas
inflow onto previously metal-riched galaxies with solar abundances. Moreover,
these EMPGs have very high HeII4686/H ratios of ~1/40, which are not
reproduced by existing models of high-mass X-ray binaries whose progenitor
stellar masses are less than 120 M_sun. Comparing stellar-nucleosynthesis and
photoionization models with a comprehensive sample of EMPGs identified by this
and previous EMPG studies, we propose that both the high Fe/O ratios and the
high HeII4686/H ratios are explained by the past existence of super
massive (300 M_sun) stars, which may evolve into intermediate-mass black
holes (100 M_sun).Comment: ApJ in press. 23 pages, 7 Figures, 6 Table
Extremely Metal-Poor Representatives Explored by the Subaru Survey (EMPRESS). I. A Successful Machine Learning Selection of Metal-Poor Galaxies and the Discovery of a Galaxy with M*<10^6 M_sun and 0.016 Z_sun
We have initiated a new survey for local extremely metal-poor galaxies
(EMPGs) with Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) large-area (~500 deg^2) optical
images reaching a 5 sigma limit of ~26 magnitude, about 100 times deeper than
the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). To select Z/Z_sun<0.1 EMPGs from ~40
million sources detected in the Subaru images, we first develop a
machine-learning (ML) classifier based on a deep neural network algorithm with
a training data set consisting of optical photometry of galaxy, star, and QSO
models. We test our ML classifier with SDSS objects having spectroscopic
metallicity measurements, and confirm that our ML classifier accomplishes
86%-completeness and 46%-purity EMPG classifications with photometric data.
Applying our ML classifier to the photometric data of the Subaru sources as
well as faint SDSS objects with no spectroscopic data, we obtain 27 and 86 EMPG
candidates from the Subaru and SDSS photometric data, respectively. We conduct
optical follow-up spectroscopy for 10 out of our EMPG candidates with
Magellan/LDSS-3+MagE, Keck/DEIMOS, and Subaru/FOCAS, and find that the 10 EMPG
candidates are star-forming galaxies at z=0.007-0.03 with large H_beta
equivalent widths of 104-265 A, stellar masses of log(M*/M_sun)=5.0-7.1, and
high specific star-formation rates of ~300 Gyr^{-1}, which are similar to those
of early galaxies at z>6 reported recently. We spectroscopically confirm that 3
out of 10 candidates are truly EMPGs with Z/Z_sun<0.1, one of which is HSC
J1631+4426, the most metal-poor galaxy with Z/Z_sun=0.016 reported ever.Comment: 30 pages, 26 figures, and 8 tables; (Revision: metallicities changed
due to the use of a more pricise dust correction method, but conclusion does
not change, Minor: a table, some figures, and sentences are added for a clear
explanation.
A Search for Lyman alpha Emitters at Redshift 3.7
We present the results of a survey for emission-line objects based on optical
intermediate-band ( = 5736 \AA ~ and = 280
\AA) and broad-band (, , , and ) observations of the
Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field on the 8.2 m Subaru telescope with the Subaru
Prime Focus Camera, Suprime-Cam. All the data were obtained during the
guaranteed time observations of the Suprime-Cam instrument. The
intermediate-band image covered a sky area with 10\minpoint62 \times
12\minpoint40 \approx 132 arcmin in the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field
(Ouchi et al.).
Using this image, we have found 23 emission-line sources whose observed
emission-line equivalent widths are greater than 250 \AA. Their optical
multicolor properties indicate that six emission-line sources are Ly
emitters at 3.7 (). They are either intense
starburst galaxies or active galactic nuclei like quasars at 3.7.
Two more emission-line sources may also be Ly emitters at
3.7 although their multicolor properties are marginal. Among the remaining 15
emission-line objects, eight objects appear strong emission-line galaxies at
lower redshift; e.g., [O {\sc ii}] 3727 emitters at ,
H at , or [O {\sc iii}]5007 emitters at . The remaining seven objects are unclassified because they are
too faint to be detected in broad-band images. We discuss observational
properties of these strong emission-line sources. In particular, our data allow
us to estimate the star formation density at for the first
time.Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ;14 pages, 26 figures (all figures are
JPEG file
EMPRESS. IX. Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies are Very Gas-Rich Dispersion-Dominated Systems: Will JWST Witness Gaseous Turbulent High-z Primordial Galaxies?
We present kinematics of 6 local extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) with
low metallicities () and low stellar masses
(). Taking deep medium-high resolution
() integral-field spectra with 8.2-m Subaru, we resolve the small
inner velocity gradients and dispersions of the EMPGs with H emission.
Carefully masking out sub-structures originated by inflow and/or outflow, we
fit 3-dimensional disk models to the observed H flux, velocity, and
velocity-dispersion maps. All the EMPGs show rotational velocities () of 5--23 km s smaller than the velocity dispersions
() of 17--31 km s, indicating dispersion-dominated () systems affected by inflow and/or outflow. Except
for two EMPGs with large uncertainties, we find that the EMPGs have very large
gas-mass fractions of . Comparing our results with
other H kinematics studies, we find that
decreases and increases with decreasing metallicity, decreasing
stellar mass, and increasing specific star-formation rate. We also find that
simulated high- () forming galaxies have gas fractions and dynamics
similar to the observed EMPGs. Our EMPG observations and the simulations
suggest that primordial galaxies are gas-rich dispersion-dominated systems,
which would be identified by the forthcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
observations at .Comment: Submitted to ApJ; After revisio
Clustering of Lyman Break Galaxies at z=4 and 5 in The Subaru Deep Field: Luminosity Dependence of The Correlation Function Slope
We explored the clustering properties of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) at z=4
and 5 with an angular two-point correlation function on the basis of the very
deep and wide Subaru Deep Field data. We found an apparent dependence of the
correlation function slope on UV luminosity for LBGs at both z=4 and 5. More
luminous LBGs have a steeper correlation function. To compare these
observational results, we constructed numerical mock LBG catalogs based on a
semianalytic model of hierarchical clustering combined with high-resolution
N-body simulation, carefully mimicking the observational selection effects. The
luminosity functions for LBGs predicted by this mock catalog were found to be
almost consistent with the observation. Moreover, the overall correlation
functions of LBGs were reproduced reasonably well. The observed dependence of
the clustering on UV luminosity was not reproduced by the model, unless
subsamples of distinct halo mass were considered. That is, LBGs belonging to
more massive dark haloes had steeper and larger-amplitude correlation
functions. With this model, we found that LBG multiplicity in massive dark
halos amplifies the clustering strength at small scales, which steepens the
slope of the correlation function. The hierarchical clustering model could
therefore be reconciled with the observed luminosity-dependence of the angular
correlation function, if there is a tight correlation between UV luminosity and
halo mass. Our finding that the slope of the correlation function depends on
luminosity could be an indication that massive dark halos hosted multiple
bright LBGs (abridged).Comment: 16 pages, 17 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ, Full
resolution version is available at
http://zone.mtk.nao.ac.jp/~kashik/sdf/acf/sdf_lbgacf.pd
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