ラマ ゾク カチク ヒモウ ノ ケイタイ ニ ツイテ

本研究は,日本国内におけるラマ属の被毛生産の可能性を検討するうえで基礎的な知見と考えられるラマ属家畜の被毛形態について検討した。ラマの被毛は,日本とペルー国で飼育される動物から採取した。アルパカの被毛は日本で飼育される動物から採取した。グアナコとビクーナの被毛はラ・モリナ農業大学の共同研究者から提供されたものを用いた。メンヨウ(サフォーク種)の被毛は,我々の研究室で飼育されている個体から採取した。伸張率,クリンプ数,太さ,キューティクルの面積と形について肉眼あるいは電子顕微鏡による観察を通じて測定された。ラマ属の被毛の伸張率(1.3-2.1)はメンヨウのもの(3.2)よりも低い値を示したが,逆にラマ属の被毛のクリンプ数(5.4-8.9)はメンヨウのそれ(2.4)よりも多かった。このことは,ラマ属の被毛の柔軟性がメンヨウよりも劣っていることを示唆している。太さに関する結果は,ラマの粗毛が他の動物の普通の毛の2～3倍太いことを示した。また,ビクーナの被毛の太さは他の動物の普通の毛の1/2倍であった。電子顕微鏡での観察結果から,キューティクルの形は2種類に分類され,1つはラマ,アルパカ,グアナコ,メンヨウのように幅の広いタイプであり,もう1つはビクーナのような長さの長いタイプであった。ビクーナの被毛はキューティクルの面積(47.4-70.0μm^2)が最も小さく,他の日本国内飼育動物のそれはそれぞれ近似した値を示した。The present study was conducted to study the shape of hair from genus Llama. The hair of llama was collected from animals fed in Japan and Peru. The hair of alpaca was collected from animals fed in Japan. The hair of guanaco and vicuna were supplied from the co-research member in University of National Agriculture La Molina. The hair of sheep (suffork) was collected from animals fed in our laboratory. Expansibility, number of crimps, thickness, and dimensions and form of cuticle were determined by optical and electron microscopic observation. The expansibility of hair from genus Llama was lower than that from sheep, conversely, the number of crimps in hair from genus Llama was higher than that from sheep. This suggested that the flexibility of hair from genus Llama is lower than that from sheep. The results of thickness showed that the crude hair from llama was 2-3 times higher than the other animals\u27 usual hair. And the thickness of hair from vicuna was half the size of the other animals\u27 usual hair. In the results of electron microscopic observation, the form of cuticle was classified into two groups, one of which showed the wide width type (llama, alpaca, guanaco and sheep) and vicuna showed the long length type. The hair of vicuna showed the lowest value of cuticle dimensions and the other animals\u27 hair showed the nearly the same values without it being fed in Peru

ラマゾク カチク ノ ケツエキ タンパクシツ オヨビ コウソ ノ タガタ

ペルーおよび日本国内で採取したラマ47頭,アルパカ27頭および両者の交雑種1頭とそのアルパカへの戻し交雑種1頭の計76頭の血液を用いて,19座位の血液タンパク質・酵素型を電気泳動学的に解析し,以下に示す成績を得た。1)血漿タンパク質 : Albumin, Haptoglobin,血漿酵素 : Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase, γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase,赤血球タンパク質 : Haemoglobin,ならびに赤血球酵素 : Acid phosphatase, Catarase, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Phosphoglucomutase, Phosphohexose isomeraseの計11座位では多型は認められなかった。2)血漿タンパク質4座位 : Post-albumin(Po),Gc-protein(Gc),Transferrin(Tf)およびγ-globurin field protein(γG),血漿酵素3座位 : Amylase(Amy),Creatine kinase(CK)およびLeucine aminopeptidase(LAP),ならびに赤血球酵素1座位 : EsteraseD(EsD)の計8座位に多型が認められた。これら8座位のうちTfでは6型,PoおよびGcでは4型,γ-G, AmyおよびEsDでは3型,LAPおよびCKでは2型が認められた。ラマおよびアルパカにおけるこれら8座位の総合的な父権否定率は,0.931および0.867であった。3)ラマとアルパカとの間で血液タンパク質・酵素型を比較したところ,Gc, AmyおよびEsDにおいて種間差が認められた。すなわち,GcおよびAmyでは両種で共通な易動度を示すバンド以外に各々種特有の易動度を示すバンドが存在し,またEsDでは両種間でバンドの易動度が異なっていた。4)ラマとアルパカの交雑種,ならびにアルパカへの戻し交雑種の血液タンパク質・酵素型はラマあるいはアルパカと共通であった。5)CKおよびEsDを除く,17座位の遺伝子頻度に基づいて算出したラマとアルパカとの間の遺伝的距離は0.035であった。以上の成績から,血液タンパク質・酵素型の解析はラマおよびアルパカの集団の遺伝子構成を推定する上で有力な指標となることが明確となった。一方,ラマとアルパカが遺伝的に極めて近縁な関係にあることを裏付けるものと判断された。Blood samples of llamas and alpacas were classified by using electrophoretic procedures in the polymorphism at 19 loci. Electrophoretic variation was found for 8 loci, namely plasma proteins : post albumin (Po), Gc protein (Gc) and transferrin (Tf) and γ-globurin zone protein (γG), for plasma enzymes : amylase (Amy), creatine kinase (CK) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and for red cell enzyme : esteraseD (EsD). Synthetic probabilityes of paternity exclusion about the 8 loci for llamas and alpacas were 0.931 and 0.867, respectively. No variants were found for plasma proteins : albumin and haptoglobin, for plasma enzymes : alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, for red cell haemoglobin, and for red cell enzymes : acid phosphatase, catarase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and phosphohexose isomerase. Nei\u27s genetic distance between llamas and alpacas on the 17 loci (except CK and EsD) was 0.035. Preliminary estimate of the genetic distance measure may suggest that llamas and alpacas are more likely related as subspecies than as separate species

Efficacy of paclitaxel‐carboplatin with bevacizumab as a late‐line therapy for patients with advanced nonsquamous non‐small cell lung cancer: A platinum rechallenge

Abstract Background There is no well‐established late‐line treatment for advanced nonsquamous non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, we retrospectively determined the efficacy and safety of platinum rechallenge with paclitaxel‐carboplatin and bevacizumab in patients with nonsquamous NSCLC as a late‐line therapy in a clinical setting. Methods Thirty patients with nonsquamous NSCLC who received paclitaxel‐carboplatin with bevacizumab therapy as a late‐line treatment at Sendai Kousei Hospital (Miyagi, Japan) between December 2011 and December 2021 were enrolled into the study. The efficacy and safety of this treatment were evaluated. The patients were further categorized into responders and nonresponders, and predictive factors of treatment response were estimated. Results The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 6.3 (range, 4.9–6.8) months, and the median overall survival (OS) was 11.8 (range, 7.2–17.2) months. There were no significant differences in PFS and OS between patients with and those without epidermal growth factor receptor mutations. In the univariate analyses of this study, responders were younger than nonresponders (p = 0.012). No fatal adverse events were reported. Conclusions With the increase in the number of treatment options in recent years, the sequence of treatments and overall therapeutic strategy are becoming increasingly important. Thus, platinum rechallenge with paclitaxel‐carboplatin and bevacizumab, a late‐line treatment for patients with nonsquamous NSCLC, may be an effective therapeutic option