Implementation of Wi-Ap; An IEEE 802.11b/g Based Electrical Switch Module With Web Enabled Interface for Electrical Appliances Control

The aim of this research study is to design and implement a Wi-Fi-based control panel for remote control of lights and electrical appliances with a web functionality that allows for wide area control via the intranet or Internet. This eliminates the inconvenience of moving from one switch to another for analog operation of light fixtures and appliance in home, office and campus environment. The wireless technology we adopted is IEEE 802.11 (2008) b/g, also called Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) which operates in free band and is easily accessible. Wi-Ap (Wi-Fi Automated Appliance) control system contains a web portal which allows for management and control purposes via the intranet or Internet. We built a standalone Wi-Ap console that allows the wireless switching on and off of any appliance(s) that is(are) ) plugged into it. The prototype we built was tested within the Electrical and Information Engineering department, Covenant University, Nigeria intranet and the test achieved our aim of remote appliances control from a web portal vial the intranet

Solution of Massless Spin One Wave Equation in Robertson-Walker Space-time

We generalize the quantum spinor wave equation for photon into the curved space-time and discuss the solutions of this equation in Robertson-Walker space-time and compare them with the solution of the Maxwell equations in the same space-time.Comment: 16 Pages, Latex, no figures, An expanded version of paper published in International Journal of Modern Physics A, 17 (2002) 113

Human Capital Development and Poverty in Nigeria, 1960 - 2009: An Econometric Assessment

This study examined the relationship between human capital development and poverty in Nigeria using data spanning 1960-2009. The human capital development variable was measured using conventional variables i.e. education and health, with government expenditures on education and health being used as the proxies. Other variables on  communication, transportation and utility were used as control. A readily available poverty measure, gross domestic product per capita was used to capture poverty status. This is based on the fact that poverty is mostly measured in monetary terms captured by income or consumption per capita or household in the absence of direct primary data observation. After carrying out the diagnostic tests, the cointegration analysis carried out proved that, to some extent, a cointegrating relationship exists between the poverty measure and human capital development indicators. However, the Granger causality estimation results show that both education and health expenditures are fundamental in reducing poverty level based on the uni-directional causality while no causality runs from poverty status to the indicators. Keywords: Poverty, Human Capital Development, Cointegration, Granger Causalit

Statistical Model for Predicting Slump and Strength of Concrete Containing Date Seeds

Incorporating agro-based waste in concrete can reduce environmental pollution and lead to preserving the ecosystem. In order to reduce trial and error in achieving desired slump and compressive strength of concrete containing Date Seed (DS), this paper examines the slump and compressive strength of concrete using date seeds as a partial replacement for crushed granite. Preliminary tests were conducted on the aggregates to ascertain their suitability for concrete production. Concrete with DS-crushed granite ratios of 0:100, 5:95, 10:90, 15:85, and 20:80 were prepared using a mix ratio of 1:2:4 and a water-cement ratio of 0.5. Slump loss was used to estimate the workability of the fresh concrete. The freshly prepared concrete was cast in 150 x 150 x 150 mm and the compressive strength was determined after curing by full immersion in water for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Results showed that the slump of concrete increased with an increase in the content of date seed. The compressive strength was inversely proportional to the date seed content with a DScrushed granite ratio of 20:80 recording the lowest compressive strength (20N/mm2 ). Linear regression models for slump and compressive strength were developed and found to be sufficient in explaining the experimental data based on a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.37 and 0.029 and R2 of 88% and 99% obtained for slump and compressive strength respectively. The study has concluded that DS can be used as a partial replacement for crushed granite in concrete and a linear model is sufficient in predicting the slump and strength of concrete containing date seed

SOLID-PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS OF ISOTOCIN WITH AMIDE OF ASPARAGINE PROTECTED WITH 1-TETRALINYL. TRIFLUOROMETHANESULPHONIC ACID (TFMSA) DEPROTECTION, CLEAVAGE AND AIR OXIDATION OF MERCAPTO GROUPS TO DISULPHIDE

Isotocin, a nonapeptide amide, was synthesised on a benzhydryl-resin using the Boc-strategy. Benzyl group was used in the protection of the side-chains of tyrosine, serine and cysteine. Tetralinyl group was used to protect asparagine side-chain. TFMSA-TFA-thioanisole-1,2-ethanedithiol (2:20:2:1 v/v) was used on the peptide-resin under different cleavage conditions to obtain isotocin in a one-pot reaction. The cleavage at 40 ° C for two hours gave isotocin quantitatively. Isotocin could be isolated in 61% yield. (Received February 13, 2001; revised August 31, 2001) Bull.Chem.Soc.Ethiop. 2001, 15(2), 143-15

Relationship between Greenhouse gas emission, energy consumption, and economic growth : evidence from some selected oil-producing African countries

Open access via Springer CompactPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Determination of sorptivity, infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity of soil using a tension infiltrometer

This study was conducted in June-July 2018 to determine hydraulic properties of soil mainly: sorptivity (S); infiltration rate (I); hydraulic conductivity (K) and water diffusivity (D) using a tension infiltrometer. These soil properties are required during the design of irrigation and drainage projects. The Experimental site was the Demonstration Farm of Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (DFDABE), University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. The soil was loamy sand with mean porosity of 42.90%, percentage contents of sand, silt and clay were 84.35, 5.41 and 10.24%, respectively. A tension infiltrometer which restricts preferential flow of water in the soil was used to measure the infiltration rates. Water potentials of -0.02, -0.05, -10 and -0.15 m were used but -0.05 m was found to be most appropriate for tension infiltrometer. Potential -0.02 m could not control preferential flow of water during infiltration test. The infiltration data were used to determine S, I, K and D of the soil. The mean values of S, I, K and D at -0.02 m in 2018 were 63.50 mm/h1/2, 176.84 mm/h, 22.42 mm/h and 171,092.46 mm2/h, respectively. The corresponding values at -0.05 m were 29.90 mm/h1/2, 71.32 mm/h, 24.67 mm/h and 72,871.29 mm2/h. Corresponding values at -0.10 m were 19.88 mm/h1/2, 32.76 mm/h, 13.02 mm/h and 26,309.80 mm2/h and at -0.15 m were 15.41 mm/h1/2, 28.54 mm/h, 15.02 mm/h and 23,041.13 mm2/h. The values of infiltration rates and hydraulic conductivities of the soil can be used for design of an irrigation project in the study area.Keywords: Hydraulic conductivity, infiltration rate, sorptivity, soil porosity, tension infiltrometer, water diffusivity

Development of an Instrumentation System for a Laboratory Model Food Product Dryer

To achieve optimal dryer performance, the process parameters required for both the optimization and control of the drying process must be made available via the instrumentation system. A few works have been reported on the development of instrumentation systems for handling drying system parameters. Out of which, some are deficient in the number of drying process parameters that can be handled, while others are unreliable and inaccurate. Therefore, there is the need to develop a microcontroller-based instrumentation system that can monitor, measure, control, display and store the main drying process parameters and sample weight with a high degree of reliability and accuracy. In this study, the sensors were selected based on system specifications and interfaced with the microcontroller. The codes for controlling, logging and displaying of drying parameters were developed and installed on the microcontroller. When tested at steady-state conditions, the system yielded satisfactory results with maximum control and detection errors being 2.0% and 1.8% for the temperature and sample weight, respectively. The developed system can be used for efficient computation of both the dry and wet basis sample moisture content values and also detect the set sample weight. Keywords— Dryer, Drying parameters, Instrumentation system, Moisture content, Sensor

Local Chicken Management in Rural Borno State,Nigeria

The locally adapted chickens are more readily available to resource-poor farmers and they can be productive without high disease-control inputs. Therefore, the study examined the management practices and the prospects of local chicken production in rural Borno state. The survey was carried out in two agro-ecological zones (Sahel savannah and Sudan savannah) of Borno state in Nigeria. Data were collected from 180 poultry keeping households in two seasons (cold-dry and hot-dry seasons) through interview using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics using means and percentage was used to analyze the data. The result showed that 82.8% of the farmers had less than 1ha of farm land and 17.2% had above 1ha of farm land. Distribution of ownership of chickens revealed that 51.3% kept 6-10 chickens, 23.8% kept 1-5 chickens, 19.5% kept 11-20 chickens and 5% kept  above 20 chickens. Majority (65.8%) practice extensive system while 34.2% practice semi-intensive system. Only 2% of the farmers consult veterinary service. Chickens were mainly culled for home consumption (31.5%), trade (42.2%) and fear of disease (26.3%). 46.4% of farmers purchased their replacement stock, 24.1% of the farmers obtained theirs through inheritance or gifts, while 32.9% obtained theirs from hatched eggs. The major (55.8%) factor affecting market is the availability of substitute, 27.9% complained of unstable price while 16.3% identified sell of disease chicken as another factor affecting marketing. The study recommends proper training of the farmers on modern poultry management and they should be informed on the importance of veterinary services. Key words: Local chicken, Management system, Rural, Sahel savannah, Sudan savanna

Analisis Potensi Wisata Bahari Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis di Pantai Langala Provinsi Gorontalo

The research aimed to investigate the maritime tourism potential of Langala Beach. The research was conducted in Dulupi Sub-District, Boalemo Regency, Gorontalo Province. The geographical location of the research area is 000 30' 04 "LU – 1220 29' 11" BT. Data is collected from primary sources and secondary sources. The research uses the triangulation data collection technique, which combines various techniques and data sources. The methods used in this study are survey methods, conformity analysis, in-depth interviews, and regional mapping. The data analysis technique focuses on the percentage assessment of tourism suitability using a marine tourism suitability index analysis for snorkeling and diving, a tourist suitability index analysis for swimming and canoeing, data analysis using the percentage of coral cover per lifeform category for the status of coral reefs. The results of the Langala Beach tourism research for marine tourism (snorkeling and diving) category included in the appropriate category (S2) with a percentage of 80.45% suitability, Langala Beach area for marine tourism category (swimming and canoeing) included in the very appropriate category (S1) with a percentage of suitability level of 93.57%. The condition of coral reefs in the research location, namely station 1, is in the good category with a value of 37.12%, Station 2 and 3 in the medium category with a value of 52.32% and 36.34%