Managers' Perceptions of Diversity Dimensions in Crisis Management at Shiraz Teaching Hospitals

Background & Objectives: Today, the diversity is one of the basic principles in crisis management process in the hospitals. This process requires serious attention due to its complexity and diversity. This study aimed at investigating the managers' perception about diversity dimensions of crisis management in hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 10 educational hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2017. A total of 40 executive, administrative, financial and accounting, and nursing directors were selected through census method and participated in the study. Data were collected using the questionnaire of diversity dimensions in crisis management and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, t-test and ANOVA tests and through SPSS23 software. Results: The mean score of managers' perceptions of crisis management dimensions was 3.44. The highest and lowest levels of perceptions of managers were respectively obtained for the "inclusion and learning" dimension (Mean=3.75) and "recognition and risk management" (Mean= 3.29). There was a significant relationship between the mean scores of "mutual trust between staff and managers" and "work experience" (P = 0.04). Conclusion: Managers' perception of the "recognition and risk management" dimension was lower compared to other dimensions. Therefore, hospital managers should be more sensitive to using risk assessment results and follow a systemic attitude in their risk management plannings. Key¬words: Perception, Crisis Management, Teaching Hospital, Hospital Managers Citation: Yusefi AR, Kavosi Z, Nikmanesh P. Managers' Perceptions of Diversity Dimensions in Crisis Management at Shiraz Teaching Hospitals. Journal of Health Based Research 2017; 3(3): 227-236

The Effect of Nurses' Quality of Working Life on Organizational Learning: a case study in teaching hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Background: The ever increasing competition among organizations has led them looking for ways to gain success. Organizational learning and quality of working life are considered as the basic tools for gaining organizational competitive advantages. This study aimed to determine the effect of quality of working life on organizational learning among nurses working in the teaching hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. A sample size of 185 nurses was selected through randomized stratified sampling. The required data were collected using two questionnaires assessing organizational learning and quality of working life. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS23 and using independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results: Organizational learning and quality of working life were at moderate level in the studied nurses. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between organizational learning and quality of working life (r=0.66, P<0.001). Also, the results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that "participation in decision-making","security","career advancements", and "nurses' motivation for doing work and tasks" had significant and positive effects on organizational learning (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, hospital managers can increase nurses' quality of working life and accordingly, organizational learning through involving nurses in the related decision-making processes and providing opportunities for their creativity, learning and experiencing in line of their career advancement

Professors’ Valuation Criteria from the Perspective of Students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Using Shannon’s Entropy Technique in 2016

Background and Objectives: One of the ways to assess professors is through evaluation by students. This is one of the most challenging methods, with many people for and against it. The present study aimed to weigh existing evaluation criteria in the form of students’ evaluation of professors at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The present descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 240 students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2016 - 17. Data were collected using a six-criterion questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed among students by the researcher through the schools’ education units and then collected. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. Weighing criteria were done by Shannon’s entropy method in Excel. Results: Of the six evaluation criteria, “Attracting students’ attention” weighed the most (0.2087 out of 1), followed by “Use of interactive and new teaching methods” (0.2049), “Ability to make the subject understood and motivate” (0.1728), “Punctuality” (0.1727), “Proper communication” (0.1546), and “Proper planning” (0.0863). Conclusions: Attention to basic criteria in students’ evaluation of professors is highly important, and this kind of evaluation is only useful when evaluation questionnaires are reviewed by students and include important points and become a part of an extensive and systematic evaluation program for the progress of faculty members. Keywords: Evaluation Criteria, Professor, Student, Weighing, Shannon’s Entrop

Challenges in the Optimal Management of Human Resources in Hospitals: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Optimal management of human resources is considered as a basic and most fundamental principle of management of the health services because manpower is the most important organizational resources. The aim of this study was to identify the challenges in the optimal management of human resources in hospitals. Method: This qualitative study was conducted in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences and all experts who had sufficient knowledge of the human resources management programs were included. Nineteen participants were selected using non-probability purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Three major themes emerged: organizational, motivational, and knowledge-related factors. Organizational factors included lack of up-to-date job descriptions, staff recruitment through university and hospital constraints in the selection of employees, lack of the culture of team working and process attitudes, incomplete establishment of occupational health and safety, and deficiencies in the evaluation system. Motivational factors included absence of a performance-based pay system, lack of communication between evaluation and incentive systems, and lack of motivation and confidence of the staff in solving problems. Knowledge-related factors included old human resources and resistance to change, lack of knowledge, and non-learner hospital environment. Conclusion: Clear job description, implementation of dynamic organizational culture, safe environmental conditions, performance-based pay system, and directing hospitals towards becoming learning organizations play an important role in reducing the challenges of human resources management. Keywords: Challenge, Management, Human resources, Hospita

Stress Coping Styles in Family and Relatives of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in the South of Iran:Application of Lazarus and Folkman’s Theory of Stress Coping

Background: The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major challenge for mental health care systems and causes and exacerbates mental anxiety. Objective: This study sought to investigate the coping styles of stress in families and relatives of COVID-19 patients in the south of Iran, according to Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional theory of Stress coping model. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed in the period from March 5 to July 5, 2020. Data collection was done electronically using a standard questionnaire on Lazarus and Folkman’s coping methods. Finally, the output data of the electronic questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A total of 276 people participated in the present study. There was a statistically significant difference between age and all emotion-oriented coping style domains (P &lt;0.05), except planful problem solving (P = 0.817) and positive reappraisal (P = 0.153). The results of the present study showed that from the emotion-oriented coping, the domain of self-controlling (%55.9) received an unfavorable score, but in the problem-oriented coping (60.02%), the two domains of social support (%71.27) and positive reappraisal (70%) obtained scores above 50%. Conclusion: Families and relatives need help to improve coping with stress in the area of self-controlling. The results of the present study showed that emotion-oriented coping (self-controlling) had less effect on family stress than problem-oriented coping (domains of social support and positive reappraisal). Also, with domains of social support and positive reappraisal, the stress in the families was reduced. Factors influencing coping styles were age, literacy, source of information, and underlying disease. Since the COVID-19 pandemic condition is a unique stressful situation, it is necessary to implement psychological and educational interventions to gain the ability to control stress, especially in relatives with COVID-19.</p

Stress coping styles in family and relatives of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the South of Iran : application of Lazarus and Folkman’s theory of stress coping

AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS : The data supporting the findings of the article is available from corresponding author [E.M] upon reasonable request.BACKGROUND : The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major challenge for mental health care systems and causes and exacerbates mental anxiety. OBJECTIVE : This study sought to investigate the coping styles of stress in families and relatives of COVID-19 patients in the south of Iran, according to Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional theory of Stress coping model. METHODS : The present cross-sectional study was performed in the period from March 5 to July 5, 2020. Data collection was done electronically using a standard questionnaire on Lazarus and Folkman’s coping methods. Finally, the output data of the electronic questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS : A total of 276 people participated in the present study. There was a statistically significant difference between age and all emotion-oriented coping style domains (P <0.05), except planful problem solving (P = 0.817) and positive reappraisal (P = 0.153). The results of the present study showed that from the emotion-oriented coping, the domain of self-controlling (%55.9) received an unfavorable score, but in the problem-oriented coping (60.02%), the two domains of social support (%71.27) and positive reappraisal (70%) obtained scores above 50%. CONCLUSION : Families and relatives need help to improve coping with stress in the area of self-controlling. The results of the present study showed that emotionoriented coping (self-controlling) had less effect on family stress than problem-oriented coping (domains of social support and positive reappraisal). Also, with domains of social support and positive reappraisal, the stress in the families was reduced. Factors influencing coping styles were age, literacy, source of information, and underlying disease. Since the COVID-19 pandemic condition is a unique stressful situation, it is necessary to implement psychological and educational interventions to gain the ability to control stress, especially in relatives with COVID-19.https://openpublichealthjournal.comam2023Statistic

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

A Study on the Educational Needs of the Managers of Shiraz Hospitals in relation to Management Skills

Background & Objective: Identifying needs of hospital administrators is an important step in planning, implementation and evaluation of educational courses and is one of the important steps to empower hospital heads and consequently to improve the organizational performance. This study aimed to determine the educational needs of hospitals' heads in Shiraz/ Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic study was done on 96 chief and midlevel managers of hospitals in Shiraz in 2015. The data gathering tool was POSDCORB questionnaire consisting of 54 questions in 7 areas of Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting and Budgeting. Data were analyzed through SPSS23 software using ANOVA tests and t-Test. Results: Based on the obtained mean scores for each domain, educational needs were prioritized as budgeting (3.43 of 5), planning (3.40), coordinating (3.37), directing (3.25), organizing (3.21), recruitment (3.19) and reporting (3.08). Coordination skill showed significant relationship with level of education (P=0.041) and management experience (P=0.023).Planning skill had significant relationship with management experience (P= 0.021), level of education (P=0.036), work experience (P=0.012), and Field of Study (P= 0.026). There was also significant relationship between leadership skill and management experience (P=0.016). Conclusion: Skills such as budgeting and planning seem to be more required for hospital managers; therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to holding training courses in these fields. Keywords: Educational Needs, Hospital Managers, Managerial Skills Citation: Yusefi Ali R, Sadeghi A. A Study on the Educational Needs of the Managers of Shiraz Hospitals in relation to Management Skills. Journal of Health Based Research 2017; 3(2): 175-186

Managers' Perceptions of Diversity Dimensions in Crisis Management at Shiraz Teaching Hospitals

Background & Objectives: Today, the diversity is one of the basic principles in crisis management process in the hospitals. This process requires serious attention due to its complexity and diversity. This study aimed at investigating the managers' perception about diversity dimensions of crisis management in hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 10 educational hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2017. A total of 40 executive, administrative, financial and accounting, and nursing directors were selected through census method and participated in the study. Data were collected using the questionnaire of diversity dimensions in crisis management and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, t-test and ANOVA tests and through SPSS23 software. Results: The mean score of managers' perceptions of crisis management dimensions was 3.44. The highest and lowest levels of perceptions of managers were respectively obtained for the "inclusion and learning" dimension (Mean=3.75) and "recognition and risk management" (Mean= 3.29). There was a significant relationship between the mean scores of "mutual trust between staff and managers" and "work experience" (P = 0.04). Conclusion: Managers' perception of the "recognition and risk management" dimension was lower compared to other dimensions. Therefore, hospital managers should be more sensitive to using risk assessment results and follow a systemic attitude in their risk management plannings. Keywords: Perception, Crisis Management, Teaching Hospital, Hospital Managers Citation: Yusefi AR, Kavosi Z, Nikmanesh P. Managers' Perceptions of Diversity Dimensions in Crisis Management at Shiraz Teaching Hospitals. Journal of Health Based Research 2017; 3(3): 227-236